Two broad categories of such conflicts can be distinguishedattitudinal and affiliative. These voters are known as cross-pressured voters, and understanding them is crucial to any politician hoping to win their vote. . . CROSS-PRESSURED ECONOMIC VOTING 39 Weatherford's notion here is a useful one. Cross pressure refers to that social situation in which an intrapersonal conflict arises when the motives affecting a decision are incompatible. In their more recent study in Elmira, N. Y., Berelson, Lazarsfeld, and McPhee (1954, pp. Typical cross-pressured voter who supports Trump's tax cutting and hostility to Medicaid but disagrees with his "Mike Pence should be murdered by a mob" platform. 140143) saw cross pressures as the social mechanism which leads to the development of individuality. Podcast: These Political Scientists Surveyed 500,000 Voters. Trump won by running as a moderate Republican - Vox President Joe Biden formally announced that he would seek reelection in 2024, readying a historic campaign against a Republican field dominated by his predecessor while economic . Full article: Sex, race, gender, and the presidential vote Manu Raju. Early _________ voting occurs when the polls are open for a few days or weeks prior to election day. Free American Government Flashcards about Chapter 18 SG - StudyStack Parties, candidates and the voters are cross-pressured. Cross-pressured voters may live in areas with varying economic needs, and may hold conflicting beliefs about how these needs should be addressed through government policy. A cross-pressured voter is someone who holds conflicting political beliefs or values that put them at odds with one another. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2d ed. Workers whose locus in society keeps them in a state of relative isolation are more strike-prone than workers subject to social cross pressures (Kerr & Siegel 1954). In order to succeed, politicians must find ways to speak to the complex backgrounds and concerns of these voters, and acknowledge the diversity of opinions they may hold. "Cross Pressure and profession serving the public good. The Democracy Fund Voter Study Group is a research collaboration of leading analysts and scholars from across the political spectrum. In the case of affiliative cross pressure, the attitudes which the individual imputes to his various relevant groups must actually be the attitudes which characterize them. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The Persuadable Voter examines recent and historical campaigns using a wealth of data from national surveys, experimental research, campaign advertising, archival work, and interviews with campaign practitioners. 369375). Many Ways to be Right: Cross-Pressured Voters in Western Europe The cross pressured voter is not loyal to any one party and. This is a top-notch piece of research that will add significantly to our understanding of presidential campaigns. It is among these cross-pressured clans that any new political grouping could be created. New Report: Voters "Cross-Pressured" on the Economy and Immigration Over a third of those in the OB group are in the top 25% of household incomes, compared with less than 15% of the PPS. Some researchers dealing with acculturation processes support Simmels views. By acknowledging the complexity of cross-pressured voters and crafting messages that address their unique experiences, politicians can engage with and ultimately win the support of these voters at the ballot box. Available as A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. A former cabinet minister remarks in a quintessentially British way that the voter's state . -issue oriented groups= NRA RT @DavidOAtkins: This chart explains *so much* about modern American politics. aims to articulate policy and impleme nt programs likely to have the broadest Over and above what can be explained by socio-economic determinants that may explain differences between LGB and non-LGB voters, a "sexuality gap" has been established with LGBs across Western Europe tending to identify with the left, favour . Voters Under Pressure: Group-Based Cross-Pressure and Electoral Volatility, VOTER VOLATILITY, LONG-TERM DETERMINANTS, AND SHORT-TERM DETERMINANTS OF THE VOTE, How socio-demographic factors have fared over time, A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR EXPLAINING CHANGE: Group-based Cross-pressures and voter volatility, Sources of instability: Cross-pressures and unconstrained vote choices, How cross-pressured voters motivate their vote, How cross-pressured voters evaluate parties, The impact of cross-pressures: Less constraint, Cross-pressures, late deciding, and volatility, Appendix A Data sets used for the analyses, Appendix B Percentage of campaign deciders by election, Appendix D Change in the role of socio-demographics, Appendix E Partisanship in Germany: West versus East, Appendix G Wording of partisan strength measures, Appendix H Strength of partisanship, stacked area graphs, Appendix I Long-term and short-term factors, illustration, Appendix J Economic voting over time, alternative analytical approaches, Appendix K Measurement and wording of short-term variables, Appendix L Change in the role of economic and leader evaluations, Appendix N European Election Study voter survey analyses, Appendix O Age, period, and cohort effects, Appendix P Party system fragmentation over time, Appendix Q Group-based cross-pressure and strength of partisan attachments, Appendix R Broader indicator of cross-pressure, Appendix S Measures of sophistication and frustration, Archaeological Methodology and Techniques, Browse content in Language Teaching and Learning, Literary Studies (African American Literature), Literary Studies (Fiction, Novelists, and Prose Writers), Literary Studies (Postcolonial Literature), Musical Structures, Styles, and Techniques, Popular Beliefs and Controversial Knowledge, Browse content in Company and Commercial Law, Browse content in Constitutional and Administrative Law, Private International Law and Conflict of Laws, Browse content in Legal System and Practice, Browse content in Allied Health Professions, Browse content in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Clinical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Browse content in Public Health and Epidemiology, Browse content in Science and Mathematics, Study and Communication Skills in Life Sciences, Study and Communication Skills in Chemistry, Browse content in Earth Sciences and Geography, Browse content in Engineering and Technology, Civil Engineering, Surveying, and Building, Environmental Science, Engineering, and Technology, Conservation of the Environment (Environmental Science), Environmentalist and Conservationist Organizations (Environmental Science), Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Environmental Science), Management of Land and Natural Resources (Environmental Science), Natural Disasters (Environmental Science), Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Environmental Science), Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Environmental Science), Neuroendocrinology and Autonomic Nervous System, Psychology of Human-Technology Interaction, Psychology Professional Development and Training, Browse content in Business and Management, Information and Communication Technologies, Browse content in Criminology and Criminal Justice, International and Comparative Criminology, Agricultural, Environmental, and Natural Resource Economics, Teaching of Specific Groups and Special Educational Needs, Conservation of the Environment (Social Science), Environmentalist Thought and Ideology (Social Science), Pollution and Threats to the Environment (Social Science), Social Impact of Environmental Issues (Social Science), Browse content in Interdisciplinary Studies, Museums, Libraries, and Information Sciences, Browse content in Regional and Area Studies, Browse content in Research and Information, Developmental and Physical Disabilities Social Work, Human Behaviour and the Social Environment, International and Global Issues in Social Work, Social Work Research and Evidence-based Practice, Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894137.001.0001, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192894137.003.0007. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Social Positions and Political Cross-Pressures: A Re-Examination - JSTOR 1200 17th Street NW Suite 300 349352). Biden's low poll numbers are exactly what we should expect, How Christian Overtook the Protestant Label. The detailed report on this research can be found here. Request Permissions, Published By: American Sociological Association. 1. campaign; they tend to split their ticket; and more of them fail to vote than in the general population. The official flagship journal of the American Sociological Association (ASA), American Sociological Review (ASR) publishes works of interest to the discipline in general, new theoretical developments, results of research that advance our understanding of fundamental social processes, and important methodological innovations. Luce, R. Duncan 1959 Analyzing the Social Process Underlying Group Voting Patterns. As a lens for exploring this changing electoral landscape, this article focuses on the growing share of the electorate that is cross-pressured between conservative and progressive attitudes on economic and cultural issues. They can be unpredictable and may swing between parties or candidates based on the specific issues and candidates involved. To do this, politicians must recognize that these voters complex backgrounds require nuanced campaign messaging that addresses their concerns and speaks to their experiences. Cross-pressures and the European lavender vote: Testing the The use of wedge issues such as abortion, gay marriage, and immigration has become standard political strategy in contemporary presidential campaigns. These cross-pressured voters will be crucial to next years election. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. New York: Free Press. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. It is essential to understand cross-pressured voters because they make up a significant proportion of the electorate. Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. Finally, the book itself is a model for how to present statistical analysis clearly, to mingle social science with lively anecdotes, and to challenge lazy conventional wisdom in provocative ways. . A US appeals court upheld a Florida election law, overturning a federal judge who has ruled several times against the conservative agenda of Governor Ron DeSantis and viewed the voter law as . Neither version of the cross-pressure hypothesis contains any theoretical notions, nor are there any data that might help in deciding how an individual will react to cross pressureby an increase in, or a reduction of, one-sided commitment. This divide reflects the EU Referendum votes of the two clans. In the 2018 midterm elections, the G.O.P. The single largest values group within the British electorate have no natural party to support as they prefer left-wing economics and social conservativism. The OB clan are the most highly educated of all the clans, well over half of this group hold a degree level qualification (or higher); in contrast the PPS clan are least well educated having both the lowest proportion with a degree and the highest proportion with no qualifications. (1954) 1959 The Psychology of Voting: An Analysis of Political Behavior. Information about subscriptions, article submissions, and advertising rates: http://www.asanet.org/journals/asr/. RT @DavidOAtkins: This chart explains *so much* about modern American politics. 26 Apr 2023 17:46:12 Red on White Films on Twitter: "RT @DavidOAtkins: This chart explains Phone: +44 1993 814500 If so restricted, the cross-pressure hypothesis may seem a tautology: it argues that people whose attitudes or group attachments make them hesitate between two alternatives are not very partial to either of them. These crossover voters are referred to as "True Supporters",[4] and are not casting their votes for purposes of insurance or sabotage. Opler, Marvin K. (editor) 1959 Culture and Mental Health: Cross-cultural Studies. Journal of Personality 18:108143. Thus, it is not possible to assert unconditionally that cross pressures will always reduce social and political tensions. The main burden of the cross-pressure hypothesis is the postulated decrease in interest, partisanship, and other forms of involvement as the pressures upon the individual become more evenly balanced: the notion is that such pressures then tend to cancel each other. The NHS appears as their second most important issue, though some way behind Brexit as a concern. With its rigorous multimethod approach and broad theoretical perspective, the book offers a timely and thorough understanding of voter decision making, candidate strategy, and the dynamics of presidentialcampaigns. United Kingdom Notify me of follow-up comments by email. The Persuadable Voter | Princeton University Press Some individuals experiencing strong internal conflict may overcome their discomfort by selective perception of their associates attitudes or by one-sided selection of primary groups. [CDATA[ A second section provides more details on how the construct is measured empirically, relying on a method that was proposed by Brader, Tucker and Therriault (2014). We look forward to sharing more valuable insights with you in the future. The PPS clan are broadly left-wing in their economic values (favouring redistribution and renationalisation) but are socially conservative (with negative views of immigration and multiculturalism, gender equality and identity, and punitive views of law and order). "There's an awful lot of naked", says a long-time political activist. Other definitions of cross pressure include conflict between group norms or preferences and internalized values and between group and mass-media pressures. Biden v. Trump: A race for the White House with actuarial tables in the background A second win by either would lead to an octogenarian in the White House. Berelson, Bernard; Lazarsfeld, Paul F.; and McPhee, William N. 1954 Voting: A Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. "Mark Rice, In-Spire, Journal of Law, Politics and Societies, "Written in an accessible style, The Persuadable Voter is an engaging reading, especially distinguishing itself in clarity and the high currency of the themes examined. Thus Lerner (1958, pp. Required fields are marked *. Copyright 2023 Democracy Fund Voter Study Group, Opposing Forces: Issues Dividing Voters Ahead of Election 2020, Opinion: The three reasons American elections are always so close. The PPS group were the clan most likely to have supported UKIP in 2015 (UKIP gained a 22% share of the vote in this clan), while the OB group were the most likely to have supported the Liberal Democrats (who gained a 19% share among this clan). . Campbell et al. They may also be more likely to stay home on election day if they are unable to reconcile their conflicting beliefs. sociologists who are faculty members at colleges and universities, researchers, ." Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) 1 voters' political behaviour in contemporary Western Europe is distinct from that of heterosexuals.