However, the chance of a leaked version ever seeing the light of day showing images of the limousine stopping during the assassination would have been infinitely more devastating to the Secret Service and would have been proof of SS complicity. But a film can also be altered by simply deleting frames. Some years ago, the late JFK researcher/author Jim Marrs interviewed a man named William Reymond, a JFK author/researcher from France who claimed to have seen another version of the Zapruder film. What Does the Zapruder Film Really Tell Us? - Smithsonian Magazine The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza. Zapruder, armed with his Super Eight camera, filmed what would be the only movie footage of the assassination. The film was used as evidence in the case against Lee Harvey Oswald, who shot Kennedy from a sixth-floor window at the Texas School Book Depository. Such an act of forgery would be impossible to prove unless the original version or a copy of it was still in existance.Evidence of film editing: the witnesses who claimed to have seen the original 7 ) Ive always had the objection that the film clearly shows the back and to the left movement. The Nix and Zapruder films were then combined into a direct simultaneous comparison movie.[29]. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. In addition, the motion picture film experts who have had access to the Zapruder film in the past and pronounced it to be unaltered have all had connections to the suspected forger, the CIA. Zapruder gave two of the copies to Sorrels and they were sent to Washington. The vagaries of eyewitness testimony are well known. And, he says, when he mounted the car the sound of that shot was different from the earlier one. Twyman continues: "I called Mr. Coburn and he told me that his optical printers in those days could certainly capture all of the information on 8mm film, between the sprocket holes and even beyond the edges of the film if one wanted. Dino indicated in the interview that he was positive that they had the original film, and that when they projected it for the two members of the Secret Service, it was the first time they had viewed the film. And when I say stopped, I mean very momentarily, like they hit the brakes and just a few seconds passed and then they floorboarded and accelerated past." 26, 1964, he said:Immediately after President Kennedy was struck with a second bullet, the car in which he was riding pulled to the curb ( CD 897, pg. Astronomy. I guess there was a noise, but it didnt seem like any different noise really because there is so much noise, motorcycles and things. Orville Nix stood across the lawn on the south side of Main Street, but we have no picture of him at the time. The Zapruder family originally refused to consent, but in 1978, the family transferred the film to the National Archives and Records Administration for appropriate preservation and safe-keeping, while still retaining ownership of the film and its copyright. It would seem that the composite film was made from a copy that had been reviewed in Washington while Dino Brugioni was printing stills and preparing briefing boards from the original. I guess it's all in what you choose to believe. But then suddenly Governor Connally was yelling . Abraham Zapruder's camera was running at a determinable speed: 18.3 frames per second. Martin was the outside rider at the left rear of the limousine. As you will see, he associates that shot with the first time he grabbed the handgrip. Abe Zapruder had no idea when he took his 8-millimeter camera down to Dealey Plaza that he would record President Kennedy's assassination. AC absolutely hit Webb's helmet. Gil, Doug Horne's 5 volume set 'Inside the A.R.R.B.' Mrs. Kennedy had jumped up from the seat and was, it appeared to me, reaching for something coming off the right rear bumper of the car, the right rear tail, when she noticed that I was trying to climb on the car. Another spot was blocked by a tree. In early 1967, Life released a statement saying that four frames of the original (frames 208211) were accidentally destroyed, and the adjacent frames damaged, by a Life photo lab technician on November 23, 1963. "I mean, it was utter chaos by that time. The courtroom showings of Garrison's copy in 1969 were the first time it had been shown in public as a film. He was one of the first people to see the 'Zapruder Film' the 26-second home movie that captured President Kennedy's assassination, 50 years later, the film . In the authors' words, "The film, we realize, does not depict an assassination about to commence. The car dips into the lower part of the camera frame, and as the president's body sinks down in the car toward his wife, the fatal shot strikes him. There's no telling who possessed it or for how long and leaves open the possibility that this film was indeed tampered with. The latter suggestive that there was Secret Service complicity in the assassination of President Kennedy. Keep in mind that this film was never intended to be released to the public. New JFK assassination files: Why the Zapruder film fueled doubts about Were they all suffering from the same mass hallucination ? And some heard a shot for the first time when Kennedy was hit in the head, then they heard one or more shots afterward. The limo would had to have been stopped as well. . He also met with a representative from Life Magazine and agreed to sell all rights to the footage for the sum of $150,000. [note 1], After Secret Service agent Forrest Sorrels promised Zapruder that the film would only be used for an official investigation, the two men sought to develop the footage as soon as possible. I can understand why the Z-film was sequestered. As for frame 313 Brugioni's recall states:-I remember all of us being shockedit wasstraight up[gesturing high above his own head]in the skyThere should have been more than one frameI thought the spray was, say, three or four feet from his headwhat I saw was more than that [than frame 313 in todays film]it wasntlow[as in frame 313], it washighthere was more than that in the originalIt was way high off of his headand I cant imagine that there would only be one frame. What's gone wrong?" . Even today, the Zapruder film is seen as evidence in countless conspiracy theories about who shot the president. [His secretary] Lillian remembered that "Everybody was going nuts, turning on the television. Apparently the team that worked on the second examination was given 16mm film and made up another, and possibly larger, series of frame prints, and that another set of briefing boards was also created. He indicated thatthe motorcade had stopped.https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=40392#relPageId=82 Zapruder was one of at least 32 people in Dealey Plaza known to have made film or still photographs at or around the time of the shooting. I have 108+ witnesses who said that shooting occurred differently and mainly in the intersection of Elm and Houston and in front of the TSBD. Whether it was filmed by Zapruder or is a completely different film I'll still refer to it in this thread as an unaltered Zapruder film or UZ for short. article by attorney and JFK researcher Carol Hewett that is just stunning, rich in insight and very hard-to-get information. He says, 'I've got it all on there.'" [30] Holland and Rush have pointed out that Zapruder temporarily stopped filming at around frame 132, when only police motorcycles were visible. John Costella said the film was technically perfect except for small, technical changes in the film. In this context I would like to suggest it was the Elsie Dorman film that did just that. This, he hypothesized, meant the president had been shot from behind. ". Consider the distance between Jackies right hand and the left handhold grasped by Clint Hill. The underlined statements may be true. or as Doug Horne thinks, 'the blob on the side of JFK's head was painted in to fit actions at Bethesda. But the Z-film record still stands. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Not only were such bullets never recovered, he writes, but the movements of Kennedys head are only consistent with a shot from the back. His analogy, standing against something metal strongly suggests he was in contact with the car when JFK was shot in the head. Costella was talking about the technical aspects of the film and not the content of the film. The last view of the passenger side of the p. limo was Jay Skaggs at the intersection of Houston and Main. For your convenience, here are links to frames that appear before, during, and after Jackie gets to the farthest place on the trunk. Alexandra Zapruder recalled that fact in "Twenty-Six Seconds: A Personal History of the Zapruder Film," saying that her grandfather had been making home films of just about everything for decades from the 1930s onward.The interest had initially started with still photos ones of . We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. [3] CBS News correspondent Dan Rather was the first to report on the footage on national television after seeing it. Her work has appeared in outlets like The Washington Post, National Geographic, The Atlantic, TIME, Smithsonian and more. especially clear copy of Zapruder frame #375, frames from the copy of his film are missing, shooting a revolver into a hard object it seemed to have some type of an echo, Between the time I originally grabbed the handhold and until I was up on the car the second noise that I heard had removed a portion of the Presidents head, reaching for something coming off the right rear bumper of the car, the right rear tail, when I mounted the car it was it had a different sound, as though you were standing against something metal and firing into it, and you hear both the sound of a gun going off and the sound of the cartridge hitting the metal place, The right rear portion of his head was missing, Emmett Hudson, Dealey Plaza groundskeeper, Associated Press photographer James W. Altgens. The inaccuracies in his description contributed to many conspiracy theories about the assassination. He was by himself on the plaza, distraught and in a daze, with the camera still in his hand and the case slung over his shoulder, when he encountered Harry McCormick, a reporter from the Dallas Morning News. It is one of the most studied pieces of film in history. https://jfkfacts.org/rewinding-the-zapruder-film/-this is Doug Horne speaking on the Zapruder film. But he testified that he did so immediately after hearing the first shot. Under those circumstances, those responsible for the editing of the original Zapruder film ( CIA ) would have been FORCED to retain the headshot frames. Marilyn recalled that the noise woke them out of their shocked trance. The force of the bullet drove my body over almost double and when I looked, immediately I could see I was just drenched with blood. Here, his granddaughter details exactly what happened on . In 1994, the footage was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". After creating the required duplicate negatives from the desired frames, the film was returned the two members of the Secret Service, and that at approximately 3 AM they left the NPIC facility. A U.S. District Court ruled in 1968 that the Time Inc. copyright of the Zapruder film was not violated by invoking the doctrine of fair use. What needs to be changed to tell a different story? As I said earlier, this alteration method is based on the Elsie Dorman film. It went in my back and came out my chest about 2 inches below and the left of my right nipple. I happened to be looking right at him when that bullet hit him the second shot it looked like it hit him somewhere along about a little bit behind the ear and a little bit above the ear. Knowing his footage might prove valuable in a government investigation, Zapruder developed the 486-frame film and screened it for the Secret Service the following day. When did Hill actually grab onto the limousine the first time, before he fell off and got back on again? [15] After studies of that copy were made in January 1964, the Warren Commission judged the quality to be inadequate, and requested the original film. The Zapruder film is a silent 8mm color motion picture sequence shot by Abraham Zapruder with a Bell & Howell home-movie camera, as United States President John F. Kennedy's motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963.It captured the assassination of the President.. Lets say 18 X 15 frames, or 270 frames are missing from the Zapruder Gap. If a . The provenance of the Zapruder film was firmly established and the film was regarded as the single most reliable piece of assassination evidence.Today, however, things are different. 'Parkland' is powerful, disturbing It confirmed Nallis theoryand shows that its unlikely that the president was shot from the grassy knoll in front of him. As Abe continued to look for a place to stand, Marilyn suggested a four foot-high concrete abutment. The video was projected onto Lee Harvey Oswald's T-shirt in the 2004 revival of the Broadway musical, Assassins. The model then calculated how the bullet would have acted when it entered President Kennedys skull if it came from behind. It would have been impossible to alter the film in such a way as to depict the movement of the head as being anything other than what it was. Why a sophisticated conjurers trick involving CIA/Kodak 'Hawkeyeworks in Rochester, New York and NPIC in D.C. over two nights with two independent film teams, ignorant of each other, and a copy 8mm film returning to its original out-of-camera 16mm 'double 8' film, delivered by the never identified Secret Service agent 'Bill Smith'. Just look in YouTube, a JFK assassination book, or visit any Kennedy conspiracy conference. What I saw was more than you have there [in frame 313]. He also described a white spray. But you can tell a lot about where he stood from his film itself. and told them that"I could see the President's car and another one and they looked like the cars were stopped. There are many strange content images in the Zapruder Film. An example of this type of forgery would be to remove any frames depicting the limousine making the sharp turn from Houston Street to Elm Street. Weitzman set up his own optical house and motion-picture postproduction facility later that year. Taylor Swift Says She's OK After Fans Post Pics of Midshow Hand Injury Since he suffered from vertigo, this was a real possibility. Four hundred and eighty six frames later, Zapruder had not only captured history, he had made it. Each frame of the film was 1/18th of a second apart. That person was a 58-year old Dallas dress manufacturer, Abraham Zapruder, who died in 1970. Orville Nix said that frames from the copy of his film are missing. (This has implications for jiggle analysis the correlation of a shot with film blur caused by a photographers startle reflex. Little known fact in the JFK cover-up - the Zapruder Hoax and how it aided the longstanding cover-up to this day. [21], On October 26, 1992, then-U.S. President George H. W. Bush signed into law the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act (the "JFK Act"), which sought to preserve for historical and governmental purposes all records related to President Kennedy's assassination. The first Bang can cause the little muscles supporting the eardrum to contract defensively, making one temporarily deaf to a second Bang. There IS evidence that other films of the assassination have been tampered with as well. The Nix film is on record too. Those witnesses introduce a large element of doubt. Editing a stop out is easy. Marie Muchmore was standing on the opposite side of Elm from Abe, on a grassy area set back from the street, her movie camera loaded with color film. To see a slow motion of the sequence showing Jackie on the trunk, please go here. What happened? Bystander Phillip L. Willis said, The shot caused me to squeeze the camera shutter, and I got a picture of the President as he was hit with the first shot. The stories I find the most convincing are those involving a reference point associated with the sound of the shot, as shown in the case of Clint Hill. In this version, claimed Reymond, the turn onto Elm WAS included as was the limousine stop for about 2 seconds. Officer Bobby Hargis was the inside rider at the left rear of the limousine. You will be able to leave a comment after signing in, 20th Century American History, JFK assassination. ZAPRUDER FILM. [10][12], Brugioni thought the Zapruder Film in the National Archives today, and available to the public, has been altered from the version of the film he saw and worked with on November 2324. all 10 of the witnesses listed above were wrong. The version of the Zapruder film available to the public depicts the fatal head shot on only one frame of the film, frame 313. It is not clear from the film itself as to when the first and second shots occurred. Other witnesses had the same impression. In chapter 8 of his outstanding book Survivors Guilt: The Secret Service and the Failure to Protect President Kennedy (2013), Vince Palamera counted 59 witnesses who reported that the limo stopped or slowed down. These witnesses directly contradict the Zapruder Film and all of the frames past Z 133. Since John Kennedy appeared in every frame of the relevant sequence of the film, the FBI was able to plot on a surveyor's map of Dealey Plaza . Abraham Zapruder (May 15, 1905 - August 30, 1970) was a Ukrainian-born American clothing manufacturer who witnessed the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963.He unexpectedly captured the shooting in a home movie while filming the presidential limousine and motorcade as it traveled through Dealey Plaza. Garrison unsuccessfully subpoenaed the original film in 1968. The FBI later tested Zapruder's camera and found that it filmed an average of 18.3frames/second (slightly deviating from the camera's standard frame rate of 16 frame/s). You're right, except that the headshot could not be edited. If it is a small number of people as versus a large number, then folks are apt to go with the larger number using things like what is said above. I believe that this proves that this frame is a composite frame, the top half from one frame and the bottom half of another.