For this reason , Mazhbi Sikh brethren are extended reservation as scheduled caste . Article 243T promises the same proportionate reservation of seats in Municipalities. Khatri is a caste/clan of the Indian subcontinent that is predominantly found in India, but also in Pakistan and Afghanistan.In the subcontinent, they were mostly engaged in mercantilistic professions such as banking and trade. Khatri - Wikipedia Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The avarna communities were also referred to as Untouchables. Pasi, Rawat, Rajpasi, Baurasi, Kaithwas, Gujjar, Paswan, Tarmali 55,97,002 16.0% The evolution of Lower caste to modern-day Scheduled Castes is complex. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment publishes a state-wise list of castes that fall into the schedule, and only those people carrying certificates of caste from the listed states qualify for the protections afforded to members of the SC community.. A list of Scheduled Caste communities in India can be found here. Besides the above there are other minor Sikh castes which are primarily artisans. [4]:3 For much of the period of British rule in the Indian subcontinent, they were known as the Depressed Classes. Eminent Sikh writer Khushwant Singh also holds this view but in Sikhism they have made rapid upward strides on the social scale and are now considered one of the premier Sikh castes. Having failed to get the desired response from Rajput rulers after prolonged diplomacy and persuasion, the tenth Guru finally decided to institute a new Order in which each initiated Sikh could play the role of all the four castes . Article 342 gives the President the power to notify those communities in specific regions that fall under the classification of Scheduled Tribes. According to English observers of 19th century Punjabi social order, "they stand distinctly below the Khatri and perhaps below Arora, and are for most part engaged in petty shop-keeping, though the Bhatias of Dera Ismail Khan are described as belonging to a "widely spread and enterprising mercantile community.". Citizens falling under the Economically Backward Class are eligible for the Dr Ambedkar Post-Matric Scholarship, as well as subsidies for overseas study under the Dr Ambedkar Central Sector Scheme of Interest Subsidy on Educational Loans for Overseas Studies. Chhimbas are tailors (darzi) and printers (chhipa) who had assumed the title of Tonk Kshatriyas in the colonial era. This sentiment is altogether against the spirit of Sikhism but unfortunately does exist. As a Vaishya, Sikh is meant to engage in commerce with honesty and work for the prosperity of the society. They also used to work as cooks in villages when they did not have sufficient land for ploughing. 4. Brahmins of Punjab were thus deprived of their traditional means of living and were driven to penury. A report from The Sunday Guardian states that despite the ban, at least 300 manual scavenging deaths took place just in 2017. Which is the most common scheduled caste surname in India? Bhuiya 18,055 0.05% Ramgarhia is also a prominent Sikh caste. Basor 137,013 0.4% Islamic Caste System in Indian Sub Continent. This issue whether Sikhism abolished all forms of caste or merely the inequality inherent in its corrupted form has been debated extensively in the past and is unlikely to have a clear resolution in near future . However, a report in The Wire adds that many crimes, including those where the alleged offender was a public official, would be recorded under other IPC sections, thus reducing the number of crimes reported under the SC/ST Atrocities Act. There are over 700 Scheduled Tribes in India according to The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. The reasons for such petty arguments about each others relative social status are unfortunate and are to be seen in the backdrop of colonial era, when the trading castes like Khatri and Baniya were preceived to be usurers and exploiters of the misery of indebted farmers from these landowning and agricultural castes . Your email address will not be published. Who Are the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, OBCs and EBCs? - TheQuint February 17, 2023 Dear Representative Khanna, I am writing to urge you to support legislation from my City Council office to ban caste discrimination in Seattle. False information given Amitabh bachchan is Srivastav and he is kayashtha . English ethnographer Sir Herbert Hope Risley also denied the possibility of the link of Khatris with Kshatriyas. Historians debate the extent to which the more rigid caste system of twentieth-century India was produced by the colonial period rather than surviving as a legacy from an earlier period.3 But the consequences of the system for meritocracy in premodern as well as modern times are in little doubt. All top actresses are south Indians. While an elaborate body of literature exists about caste discrimination among the Hindus, it is worth mentioning that the Muslims and the Christians of Indian subcontinent also have caste based distinctions. Nat 158,379 0.5% Bhuiya 18,055 0.05% The scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are significantly under-represented in the ownership of enterprises and the share of the workforce employed by them. [18][19], Since the 1850s, these communities were loosely referred to as Depressed Classes, with the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.The early 20th century saw a flurry of activity in the British authorities assessing the feasibility of responsible self-government for India. The highest castes in Pakistan are Pathan, Ranghar and Syeds. The glorious Sikh Regiment, the most decorated regiment of the Indian Army, consisted of these castes primarily, although Labanas and Kalals were also sometimes recruited. . It is in this reference some derive the origin of word "Khatri" from "Khata" or an accounting scroll. Deepening Your Personal Relationship with the Guru, Essays in Sikh history, tradition and society, p 185, W. H. McLeod, Oxford University Press, 2007, Dereserve these myths, Tanweer Fazal , Thu Sep 07 2006, The Indian Express, Sexuality, obscenity, community: women, Muslims, and the Hindu public in colonial India, p 24, Charu Gupta, Macmillan, 2002, A Social History of India, p 248, S. N. Sadasivan, APH Publishing, 2000, The Sikhs, an Ethnology, p 63-74, A. E. Barstow, B.R. Attitudes about caste in India | Pew Research Center However, for centuries they were forced to live as second-class citizens, and many were not even considered to be a part of India's varna system of social hierarchy. The Government of India Act, implemented by the British in 1935, carried this definition of the term scheduled caste, in Part 14 of the Act, and the same definition continued to be used by the Indian government post-Independence. All of these castes have pockets of their influence and dominance in certain districts where they exclusively own a number of villages , but on the whole they are numerically overshadowed by Jats all over Punjab. Baiga (excluding Sonbhadra district) 26,476 0.08% Shilpkar 24,757 0.07% The communities adapted the name Dalit, or Harijan, which meant children of god.. Khatri and Aroras are essentially identical caste and are primarily a caste of traders, shopkeepers and accountants. This is hardly different from separate White and Black Churches in many parts of USA , although no Church openly admits to discrimination. But at the outset one thing can be confidently stated which is that there is no clearly defined caste hierarchy in Sikh society, leave alone a vertically ordered one. Largely , this term was reserved for converts to Islam from occupational castes such as Darzi (tailors), Hajjam or Nai (barber), Julaha (Weaver) , etc although the upper caste Hindu converts were also subsumed in the same category. ), (The Quint is now on WhatsApp. Among these three Mahton and Sainis are of Rajput origin, while Kamboh claim origin from Kambojas mentioned in Mahabharata. The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution also contains provisions for the administration of Tribal Areas, but in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. Other articles where Scheduled Caste is discussed: civil rights: Civil rights movements across the globe: "untouchables" and now officially designated Scheduled Castesconstitute some one-sixth of the Indian population. So we have to remove family casteism(Khatri) from Bollywood. Khatris and the Sikh Panth. Kapariya 14,300 0.04% In fact, the term Indian Christian became a byword for a low caste convert and ended up as just another stratified caste category with a different name. Kalabaz 8,727 0.025% Ghasiya 3,984 0.011% The councils duties include to advise on matters of welfare and advancement of the tribes. Theological basis of Slavery in Christianity. In their opinion Sikh Gurus were above caste and cannot be thus claimed by any particular group. Musahar 206,594 0.6% Sainis have their stronghold in Hoshiarpur , Gurdaspur and Ropar districts where they hold and dominate significant number of villages. All were created by Him. To ensure that OBCs had adequate representation and opportunities to participate in the governance of the country, it recommended seat reservations for OBCs, in addition to the existing seat reservations for SCs and STs, in educational institutions and avenues of public employment. In addition, Mazhbi Sikhs were also recruited in good numbers but were generally denied roles in cavalry because of caste discrimination practiced and promoted by British. "Who should I ask? Bhatias claim origin from Bhati Rajputs who had taken to shopkeeping. Pankha (excluding Mirzapur and Sonbhadra) 20,354 0.06% These differences are widespread across all states, have decreased very modestly between 1990 and 2005, and cannot be attributed to broad differences in access to physical or human capital. Gond (excluding Maharajganj, Siddharth Nagar, Basti, Gorakhpur, Deoria, Azamgarh, Mau, Jaunpur, Ballia, Ghazipur, Varanasi, Mirzapur and Sonbhadra) 443,457 1.3% Apart from this, Article 46 of the Constitution also states that the State shall promote the educational and economic interests of weaker sections, namely Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.. A clear sign of this state of affairs to have existed was the complete absence of historical Hindu temples in Punjab which were demolished during Mughal rule. Article 46 directs the state to work for the welfare and promotion of the interests of Scheduled Tribes, and to take steps to safeguard their interests. Dhangar (not to be confused with Dhangar caste of same name) 43,806 0.1% This Punjabis who could not develop their own place came from Pakistan to Mumbai and they are doing lobbyin. Balmiki 11,66,383 1.3% Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. So, the final percentage of seats reserved in State-funded educational institutions and government employment would amount to 49 percent. I want to know it very anxiously. In certain cases they have separate pews in churches and different burial grounds then those of lower caste Christians. While the caste system originally was for Hindus, nearly . History. Article 341 of the Constitution gives the President the power to notify which castes in the country, and in specific states, come under the category of Scheduled Castes. Jagmohan Singh Raju | YouTube. In 1990, Article 338 was amended for the National Commission for SCs and STs with the Constitution (Sixty fifth Amendment) Bill, 1990. The share of Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and Other Backward Classes police persons at the officer level is 15%, 10% and 27% respectively, which was lower than the 16%, 12% and 32% within the . During the earlier stages of Sikh militarization, the Sixth Guru and his successors tried their best to inspire Hindu Rajputs into performing their traditional function of defending the weak against oppression. Bajaniya 1,769 0.005% i am proud to be a jatni. Bhuiyar 24,982 0.07% Since all Sikh Gurus were from Khatri caste, some Khatris tend to claim superiority in Sikhdom on this basis but this perception of superiority is not acknowledged by Jat and other rural landowning castes like Mahton, Kamboh, etc who address Khatri as "Kirar" or "Bhapa", or sometimes even as a "Baniya", in rural areas where Khatri typically does not enjoy much influence beyond the portal of his grocery, cloth or trinket shop . Khorot 700 0.002% These Bhagats hailing from lower castes are also honored by Sikhs and their writings are also included in the Sikh scripture like those of Sikh Gurus. The decree introduced a formal division of Ashraf and Ajlaf in the Muslim society of India. Dhanuk 542,651 1.5% The MorleyMinto Reforms Report, MontaguChelmsford Reforms Report and the Simon Commission were several initiatives in this context. Just go to TheQuint.com/WhatsApp and hit Send. Its duties also include investigating complaints and participating in the planning process for the socio-economic development of members of Scheduled Caste communities, while having all the powers of a civil court during the process. Bollywood is also facing casteism, hence there is a majority of sindhis.. Beriya 27,187 0.08% Like the definition for Scheduled Castes, which was carried over from British-era legislation, the definition for Scheduled Tribes has been retained from the 1931 Census. Reservation of seats for Backward Classes in public employment or State-funded institutions is allocated at 27 percent. The complete list of castes and tribes was made via two orders: The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950[21] and The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950,[22] respectively. Basor 137,013 0.4% They claim origin from Bhati Rajputs and were enlisted as a criminal tribe by the British. The Jains have the highest prevalence of 94.1 percent in our country India. Lewis Rice offered a similar view about the Khatri caste in various regions of India. Majhwar 18,268 0.05% Vineet Jain- MD (Managing director) of Benett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Rasiklal Manikchand Dhariwal- Manikchand Group proprietor. Beldar 158,727 0.5% Labana cast is schedule cast becoz some gawariya (labana) are in sc category in some states of India such as Rajasthan,madya pradesh but some other states they have OBC category . Most of the rights and protections assured to members of Scheduled Caste communities are extended to members of Scheduled Tribes. These lower caste Muslims also later invented the tales of foreign origin to escape discrimination from the upper caste Muslims. Bhantu 8,184 0.02% Some prominent castes among Sikhs are Arora, Khatri, Ramgarhia, Jat, Saini, Kamboh, Mahton, Chhimba, Mohyal , Chamar, etc. Required fields are marked *. Of these 89 students, 21 belong to the Scheduled Caste (SC) category, 24 to Other Backward Classes, one to the Scheduled Tribe and the remaining are from general and EWS categories. Beriya 27,187 0.08% Majhwar 18,268 0.05% The issue of caste in Sikhism is quite complex, always inviting a diversity of impassioned opinions. Those protesting many of these violations of land use and welfare laws, are arrested, resulting in the law being perverted to oppress the already marginalised. Contact us National Commission for Scheduled Castes - NCSC Please note there are also Agarwal Baniyas in Punjab too but they are almost 100% Hindu. And what provisions does Indian law have for these communities? The weather of Khanna is favorable along with the best of activities during this particular time in Khanna. Out of these 35 judges, there are 3 women judges, the highest so far. Khairaha 3,047 0.008% Kol 331,374 4.5% The issue of caste in Sikhism is quite complex, always inviting a diversity of impassioned opinions. "The Word is the Yoga, the Word is the spiritual wisdom; the Word is the Vedas for the Brahmin. There was an initiative to replace the Commissioner with a committee in the 48th Amendment to the Constitution, changing Article 338. Justice AM Ahmadi (1988-97) served on the Court for nine years. Their large numbers ensure that they now control the politics of Punjab and most Sikh institutions. Baheliya 143,442 0.6% To receive handpicked stories on topics you care about, subscribe to our WhatsApp services. Khatik - Wikipedia However, the Xaxa Committee, which was constituted in 2013 to study the conditions of tribals and suggest policy initiatives for their upliftment, reported that the Government circumvents the Constitutional safeguards, and exploits tribals by notifying rural areas or potential scheduled areas as urban areas to keep them out of the scope of protection. Article 243D provides for reservation for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in Panchayats in the same proportion as the population of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes in the village. The caste system shows a fundamental discrimination in economic, social and civil spheres of human life. The same opinion is stated by L.M. Kushwaha - Wikipedia Try it here! Jat Sikhs are also now very well educated and they have taken up various professions besides agriculture, which is their signature trade. Lalbegi 299 0.0009% These functions were modified in September 1987 to include advising the government on broad policy issues and the development levels of SCs and STs. They are also known for their industry and exceptional work-ethic. If passed, the legislation would make caste bias illegal in America's most populous state. Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 26.9% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 0% of total population in Khanna. Khatri Sikhs were sometimes recruited when they happened to have taken up farming and sometimes because of their knowledge of Pashto, which came in handy to British to deal with the unruly Pathans. Mohyals are one of the Brahmin groups of Punjab who in earlier era also used to be Sikhs in good numbers. A small section of this caste got settled in agriculture near Raja Sansi in Amritsar district and among them was born the great Maharaja. California caste bias bill clears Senate panel - The American Bazaar Apart from the rights under the Constitution, the Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities Act) also extends protection to Scheduled Tribes. Disproportionate representation at the Supreme Court: A perspective The Scheduled Castes[2] (SCs) and Scheduled Indian Tribes (SITs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. These are the caste and religion of the leading actors and actress of the Bollywood. Some poor men and women of this caste also work as laborers in the farms of traditional landowning castes like Jat, Mahton, Saini, etc. California Senate is set to become the first US state legislature to consider a ban on caste based . Many theories are attributed to the origin of Jats but the most common view is that they are probably one of the late immigrants to the subcontinent who gradually got integrated into the lower echelons of Hindu society. J.N. Balahar 7,910 0.02% Fighting for both one's life and faith was the greatest need in era of Gurus Therefore, the Kshatriya part of Sikh's identity got more highlighted in Sikh society but it does not mean that the Shudra, Vaishya and Brahmin aspects of his personality were to be devalued. Another writer of English era added that 'the 'Khatris are traders in Punjab, and silk-weavers, when we find them in Bombay.' Article 15 of the Constitution says the State shall not discriminate on the basis of caste, religion, race, or place of birth. As noted before Jats are numerically the most significant Sikh castes. Bangali 18,660 0.05% In reality, the Supreme Court in February 2019 rejected a plea challenging the Centre's circular advising the media against using 'dalit' to refer to members of the Scheduled Caste. Awans, Dogars, Jats , and Arains are ranked in middle , with a number of artisan and menial castes ranked gradually lower. As per this view each caste was to play their respective functional role but no caste was to be treated as superior or inferior to the other, and that all occupations from that of a sweeper to that of a priest were to be held in equal esteem as each caste had traditional specialization in producing goods and services that the society needed. Hari 1,719 0.005% Historically in India, the caste system classified people by their occupation and status. India's police and judiciary lack caste and gender diversity Although the Scheduled Castes population according to the 2001 Census was 16.66 crores (16.23% of the total population), the allocations made through SCSP have been lower than the proportional population. Jat Sikhs are known for their lively spirit and easy-going nature. Castes who traditionally suffered discrimination based on untouchability, throughout India, have been identified, enumerated and incorporated in the . Play an active role in shaping our journalism by becoming a member. The Sikh panth is not caste based, still the Khatris played a major role in development of Sikhism as a gentle and inclusive faith. In urban area they also do shopkeeping. 005, Ground Floor, CGO Towers, Kavadiguda, Hyderabad-500 080 040-23734907(Fax), 23754908 Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Peradesh, Chhattisgarh) Rajput converts were generally identified as Khanzada, Ghauri Pathan, Kayamkhani, Ranghar, etc. Article 338 establishes the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes. Sometimes people belonging to these castes are called "Bhapa Sikhs". Bawariya 6,054 0.02% ), (At The Quint, we are answerable only to our audience. This was the article under which the Mandal Commission was formed.t. In the original Constitution, Article 338 provided for a special officer (the Commissioner for SCs and STs) responsible for monitoring the implementation of constitutional and legislative safeguards for SCs and STs and reporting to the president. Let the Guru guide you! Hina never hesitates to express her opinions on important topics when asked. Their exceptional skill in these trades have earned them a good reputation as machinists. Generally, this debate has been shaped by two broad lines of argument. He wrote in 'The tribes and castes of Bengal' : "It seems to me that the internal organization of the caste furnishes almost conclusive proof that they are descended from neither Brahmans nor KshatriyasThe section-names of the Khatris belong to quite a different type, and rather resemble those in vogue among the Oswals and Agarwals. Initially, they were recruited only for menial jobs. [8][9] The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,108 castes across 28 states in its First Schedule,[10] and the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule. Among the Dalit caste groups prominent ones Chamars and Chooras. [20], In 1935, the UK Parliament passed the Government of India Act 1935, designed to give Indian provinces greater self-rule and set up a national federal structure. The term has been used to represent different sub-castes of the Kachhis, Koeris and Muraos.Under the Indian governments system of positive discrimination, the Kushwahas are classified as a "Backward" or Other backward class. Baiga (excluding Sonbhadra district) 26,476 0.08% The Word of all the Words is but One Word for one who knows this secret. Your email address will not be published. In the earlier Hindu society , the titles of Singh and Kaur or Kanwar were only meant to be used by Rajputs or Kshatriyas. In the ancient India such mixed castes such as Khatris were regarded as "'varnasankara" and were denied the respectability extended to the well-born and ritually pure Kshatriyas and Brahmins. Pasi, Rawat, Rajpasi, Baurasi, Kaithwas, Gujjar, Paswan, Tarmali 55,97,002 16.0% The caste system has existed in some form in India for at least 3,000 years. In both India and Pakistan upper caste converts to Christianity generally preserve their caste names and identity. The Act also made news in March 2018 after the Supreme Court issued guidelines severely diluting its powers, including restraints on the arrests of public official if they are accused under the Act. Ashrafs were the light-skinned Muslims who had come from Central Asia while the term Ajlaf was used for native converts who were generally darker skinned, and proselytized by means both fair and foul mostly from the lower Hindu castes. Kol 331,374 4.5% Please note that although the word Khatri appears to be a vernacular form of Sanskrit Kshatriya, the caste is exclusively composed of cloth merchants, grocers, perfume sellers (or "Gandhis") and traders . The Fifth Schedule of the Constitution outlines the provisions for administration of Scheduled areas. Debate: How Babasaheb Ambedkar Rejected the Word 'Dalit' ||3||-Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Ang 1353. These Punjabis are very shrewd and keep abusing Bihar and UP and MP. In addition to this, a 2015 article in The Hindu states that, as of 3 July 2015, just under 1.8 lakh households in India were still engaged in manual scavenging, despite the act being prohibited. Bangali 18,660 0.05% Akshay kumar belongs to jat caste following the sir name khatri. Gual 7,330 0.02% Guru Nanak's father Mahta Kalu was also a shopkeeper and he tried his best to make his son follow his caste profession of shopkeeping. In 1942, the Scheduled Caste Federation formed by Dr B R Ambedkar also got its chapter started in Punjab but its state president Seth Kishan Dass lost the election. Communities that have been historically marginalised in India, and continue to face oppression and social, economic and educational isolation, but do not fall into the Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes list, fall into the Other Backward Classes category. Both communities are called Mazhabi Sikhs. Kashyap Rajput is a reference used for the caste of water carriers or Jheers these days. [2], Ramnami Samaj, Rohit, Samgar, Samagara, Satnami, Surjyabanshi, Surjyaramnami, Charmakar, Pardeshi Chamar, Badhik 9,018 0.01% Patari (excluding Sonbhadra) 1,716 0.005% Now it is included in Article 342. Article 338A directs the state to create a National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, to oversee the implementation of the provisions and safeguards of the rights of Scheduled Tribes in India. Hans raj Hans mirasi nahi.. Majbhi Sikh hai.. Kaler kanth mirasi nai Ravidasia hai. Chamar, Jatav, Ahirwar, Kureel, Dhusia, Ramdasia, Ravidassia, Satnami 22,496,047 54.3% Bhantu 8,184 0.02% These upper caste converts faced less discrimination but they also could not aspire for the status of a Syed, who was the Ashraf of the highest class, supposedly being a direct descendant of Prophet of Islam. Faithful Sikhs do not practice caste discrimination but this is not to say that all Sikhs necessarily act in accordance to their faith. Some say that Guru Gobind Singh did not abolish caste system within Sikhs but merely implied equality of all castes. But Guru Nanak rejected his tutoring and became a man of spirit. In Pakistan Ranghars , Pathans and other upper caste Muslims use the word Jat in somewhat derogotary way and do not regard Muslim Jat as their equal. Sadasivan cites a version of the popular fable regarding the origin of Khatris which is closer to the latter view, that is , Khatris are a caste born of the union of Kshatriya mothers and Shudra fathers. Here we have the required details for you. If you have any further queries then please let us know. True, both groups have faced, and continue to face, severe oppression and marginalisation before and in Independent India, but where Scheduled Castes face social, educational, and economic isolation, Scheduled Tribes are classified as marginalised communities on the basis of geographical isolation. Dharamendra is Jat. Here, we have some prominent surname of Jain's: Rupani, Zaveri, Bhansali, Oswal, Mehta, Sarak, Gada, Doshi, etc. Sansiya 8,639 0.02% He is the founder of MergerTech. Caste and entrepreneurship in India - ResearchGate Who Are The Sikhs? Clause 2 of the article adds: The above article seeks to check the social isolation and restrictions from visiting common public places that Scheduled Castes were often historically, and I daresay, still are, subjected to across India. Before the partition of Punjab, Khatris were largely concetrated in West Punjab where, according to English writer Barstow, they were employed in a rather humble way by Pathans as their accountants. His zodiac sign is Gemini. Actor Celina Jaitley Caste and Religion: Khatri / Arora, Hindu. Korwa 1,594 0.005% The Centre set up a commission for Economically Backward Classes in 2004. Scheduled caste communities were considered avarna, or outside the existing varna system. Ghasiya 3,984 0.011% The Indian constitution, in Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 lists 1,109 castes across 28 states in its First Schedule,[1] while the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950 lists 744 tribes across 22 states in its First Schedule.