who is the religious leader of islam who is the religious leader of islam

For most Shia Muslims, the Imams are absolute infallible leaders of the Islamic community after the Prophet. Starting in about 613, Muhammad began preaching throughout Mecca the messages he received. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. And there is an Imam e Mubeen who encompasses the whole universe as per the teachings of the Quran. In addition to hosting prayers, mosques often function as public gathering places and social centers. Sahib denotes an Islamic leader held in high regard by one or more other Muslims. The prophet Muhammad, sometimes spelled Mohammed or Mohammad, was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in A.D. 570. Most such information thus comes from the srah (biography) literature, consisting of accounts of his life by various writers dating mainly from the 8th and 9th centuries. After Muhammads passing, Islam began to spread rapidly. It contains 114 chapters, which are called surahs. Adultery can carry the penalty of death by stoning. Islam does not have an ordained clergy with authority over rites and rituals. In early modern times it is mainly used for the headmaster of an Islamic Boarding School (in Indonesia known as pondok pesantren). It is an Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word or Khalfah, which means "successor", that is, successor to the Muhammad. The Hijra According to Islamic tradition, the Qurn, understood as a literal transcription of the speech of God (Allah), was revealed to Muhammad in stages by the archangel Gabriel, beginning in 610. On one of his pilgrimages in 610, he was meditating in a cave on Mount Jabal aI-Nour. e. Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. Some of these include: The Quran (sometimes spelled Quran or Koran) is considered the most important holy book among Muslims. When he was roughly forty, Muhammad began having visions and hearing voices. WebMuhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurn, Islams sacred scripture. After working for several years as a merchant, Muhammad was hired by Khadija, a wealthy widow, to ensure the safe passage of her caravans to Syria. Those reports are not consistent, however, and some include miraculous elements or stories obviously adapted from the Bible. For a time, the influence and status of his wife and his uncle, Abu Talib, the chief of the clan, protected Muhammad from persecution. The word means 'sign of God', and those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, ethics, philosophy and mysticism, and usually teach in schools (hawza) of Islamic sciences. WebIslamic religious leaders by nationality (20 C) A. Ayatollahs (8 C, 14 P) C. Caliphs (28 C, 4 P) Muslim clergy (3 C, 1 P) F. Female Islamic religious leaders (3 C, 28 P) G. Grand Muftis (30 C, 15 P) I. Imams (10 C, 12 P) M. Marja' (3 P) Religious leaders of the medieval Islamic world (9 C) Nonetheless, some accretion of popular legend around a figure as seminal as Muhammad would be entirely expected. The Qurn provides very few concrete details regarding Muhammads life. Saturday, 29 Apr 2023. Eventually the Sunni majority (named for sunna, or tradition) won out, and chose Muhammads close friend Abu Bakr to become the first caliph, or leader, of the Islamic community. Please enter the correct OTP! Though the two main sects within Islam, Sunni and Shia, agree on most of the fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam, a bitter split between the two goes back some 14 centuries. 227 0 obj <>stream Imam (/mm/; Arabic: imm; plural: aimmah) is an Islamic leadership position. Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. This was important, because by the time he died, he had basically brought all the tribes of Arabia together into a kind of confederation that became the ummahthe people or nation of Islam.. If you regularly visit this site and wish to show your appreciation, or if you wish to see further development of Al-Islam.org, please donate online. By carefully comparing alternative versions of one and the same biographical narrative, scholars have been able to show that a certain number of traditions about Muhammads lifefor instance, an account of the Prophets emigration from Mecca to Medinawere in circulation already by the end of the 7th century. It is considered by Muslims in some countries to indicate the highest authority in Sunni Islam for Islamic jurisprudence, The grand Imam holds a great influence on followers of the theological Ash'ari and Maturidi traditions worldwide, while the defenders of the Athari and Salafi ideologies find their leaders in the Arabian Peninsula. 30 Apr 2023 20:48:23 Islam is about to take Wests young lads b/c Christian leaders doesnt seem interested in these guys. The Quran (or Koran) is the major holy text of Islam. Twelver and Ismaili Shi'a believe that these imams are chosen by God to be perfect examples for the faithful and to lead all humanity in all aspects of life. Learn about the life of Mohammad, the founder of Islam. Ulama (/ulm/; Arabic: Ulam, singular Scholar) religious sciences. By 630 he had unified most of Arabia under a single religion. WebIslamic religious leaders by nationality (20 C) A. Ayatollahs (8 C, 14 P) C. Caliphs (28 C, 4 P) Muslim clergy (3 C, 1 P) F. Female Islamic religious leaders (3 C, 28 P) G. Grand Muftis (30 C, 15 P) I. Imams (10 C, 12 P) M. Marja' (3 P) Religious leaders of the medieval Islamic world (9 C) Certain tensions with the Islamic narrative of the Prophets life remain, however. Muhammad Zaki Badawi, from the United Kingdom Shaikh Mohammed Aboulkhair Zaki Badawi KBE was a famous Egyptian Islamic scholar, community organizer, and advocate for interfaith communication who served on the Elijah Board of World Religious Leaders. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. They thought that 'Ali, Muhammad's closest surviving blood male relative, should be their next leader (caliph). I dont get!!!!!) Muhammad was born into the most powerful tribe in Mecca, the Quraish, around 570 A.D. Friday sermon is most often given by an appointed imam. Amid the increasing politicization of Islam and the rise of fundamentalists on both sides of the divide, sectarian tensions intensified in the early 21st century, especially amid the upheavals caused by two Persian Gulf Wars, the chaos that followed the U.S.-backed ouster of Saddam Husseins Sunni regime in Iraq, and the mass uprisings across the region that began with the Arab Spring in 2011. After the Prophet's Death: Emergence of Shi'i and Sunni Sects of Islam For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. This is an official position regulated by the Presidency of Religious Affairs[3] in Turkey and only males are appointed to this position; while female officials under the same state organisation work as preachers and Qur'an course tutors, religious services experts, etc. Compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other Abrahamic faiths, Islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. After the conflict with Mecca was finally settled, Muhammad took his first true Islamic pilgrimage to that city and in March, 632, he delivered his last sermon at Mount Arafat. Lay Leaders The rift between these two factions has resulted in differences in worship as well as political and religious views. All Rights Reserved. Nation of Islam: This mostly African-American, Sunni sect was founded in the 1930s in Detroit, Michigan. The titles of Ayatollah and Grand Ayatollah exist only in the Shiite sect of Islam. The Shi'a believe that the last Imam, the 12th Imam Mahdi will one day emerge on the Day of Resurrection (Qiyamah). 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. On one of these occasions, the Archangel Gabriel (Jibra'il in Arabic) appeared to him and instructed him to recite "in the name of [your] lord." This journey became known as the Hijra (also spelled Hegira or Hijrah), and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Also see The Grand Ayatollah. Upon his return to Medina to his wifes home, he fell ill for several days. The rift between these two factions has resulted in differences in worship as well as political and religious views. Each such report is normally introduced by a list of names tracing it through various intermediaries back to its ultimate source, which in many cases is an eyewitnessfor example, the Prophets wife ishah. These include: Islams legal system is known as Sharia Law. The conflict with the Quraish continued, but after several years of violent clashes, Mecca surrendered. Muhammad is traditionally said to have been born in 570 in Mecca and to have died in 632 in Medina, where he had been forced to emigrate to with his adherents in 622. However, many Muslims do not support such extreme measures. Searching for clarity, he would sometimes meditate at Mount Hira, near Mecca. All Rights Reserved. In the final major confrontation, The Battle of the Trench and Siege of Medina, Muhammad and his followers prevailed and a treaty was signed. Webt. (There are dozens of these guys out there and evangelicals, even the minorities in the space, are missing a massive opportunity. While Muslims aim to clear up misconceptions about their faith, the religion continues to spread rapidly. Most Muslims believe that Muhammads scribes wrote down his words, which became the Quran. Islam, or submission to the will of Allah, is the second largest religion in the world, with around 1.9 billion followers. WebMuhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurn, Islams sacred scripture. At stake was not only control of Muhammads religious and political legacy, but also a great deal of money, in the form of taxes and tributes paid by the various tribes united under the banner of Islam. Enter valid first name and last name with at least one space. Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. Religious leaders of the medieval Islamic world, List of Naqshbandi saints from Allo Mahar, Sayyid Abdurahman Imbichikoya Thangal Al-Aydarusi Al-Azhari, List of Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Islamic_religious_leaders&oldid=1128317469, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 19 December 2022, at 14:14. Due to animistic belief of ancient Javanese people, the title "Kyai" is also used to call almost all persons and things venerated. There he prayed with other prophets such as Moses, Abraham, and Jesus, and ascended to the skies, where he was led by Gabriel through Paradise and Hell, and finally came face to face with God. [4] Imams have a meaning more central to belief, referring to leaders of the community. Sunni Islam does not have imams in the same sense as the Shi'a, an important distinction often overlooked by those outside of the Islamic religion. They accept that the first four caliphs were the true successors to Muhammad. WebIn everyday terms, an imam for Sunni Muslims is the one who leads Islamic formal ( Fard) prayers, even in locations besides the mosque, whenever prayers are done in a group of two or more with one person leading (imam) and the others following by copying his ritual actions of worship. Within the century after Muhammads death, his followers had built an empire that stretched from Central Asia to Spain. Major mosques usually have a person who is called the "servant of the mosque". They eventually married. Only a male person is called with this appellation. Ali eventually became the fourth caliph (or Imam, as Shiites call their leaders), but only after the two that preceded him had both been assassinated. By carefully comparing accounts, scholars have identified common elements that were in circulation by the late 7th century, and some rudimentary details are confirmed by non-Islamic sources (e.g., a Syriac chronicle and an Armenian history) dating to the first few decades after his traditional death date. Early Life Recent surveys have found that in countries with high Muslim populations, the majority of Muslims have overwhelmingly negative views of terrorist groups like ISIS. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. Philosophy. In 622, Muhammad traveled from Mecca to Medina with his supporters. The term is used almost exclusively in the sub-continent area. Why are images of Muhammad generally prohibited in Islam? He concluded a truce with Mecca in 628 but later forced it to submit. However, nowadays it is common in Indonesia to call any elderly preacher from any cultural background with this title. Muhammad Zaki Badawi, from the United Kingdom Shaikh Mohammed Aboulkhair Zaki Badawi KBE was a famous Egyptian Islamic scholar, community organizer, and advocate for interfaith communication who served on the Elijah Board of World Religious Leaders. Ruhollah Khomeini is officially referred to as Imam in Iran. Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. Mosques today follow some of the same principles he established in A.D 622. A central idea in Islam is jihad, which means struggle. While the term has been used negatively in mainstream culture, Muslims believe it refers to internal and external efforts to defend their faith. Religion Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. In time, Muhammad earned a reputation as honest and sincere, acquiring the nickname al-Amin meaning faithful or trustworthy. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Saturday, 29 Apr 2023. It is commonly used to refer to the official that leads the prayers at the mosques. Author of. But starting in the late 20th century, the schism deepened, exploding into violence in many parts of the Middle East as extreme brands of Sunni and Shia Islam battle for both religious and political supremacy. Death Year: 632, Death date: June 8, 632, Death City: Medina, Death Country: Saudi Arabia, Article Title: Muhammad Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/religious-figures/muhammad, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: April 6, 2020, Original Published Date: April 2, 2014. Some Orientalists wrote the title as Khalf. He belonged to a poor but respectable family of the Quraysh tribe. Muslims believe he was the final prophet sent by God to reveal their faith to mankind. Several trade routes intersected at Mecca, allowing the Quraish to control trade along the west coast of Arabia, north to Syria, and south to Yemen. It also outlines marriage guidelines and other moral principles for Muslims. These portrayals, while somewhat rare, are not unheard of as there were (and still are) many different attitudes toward depicting the Prophet, and humans in general, in the Islamic world. Many of the tribes living in the Arabian Peninsula at the time were nomadic, trading goods as they crisscrossed the desert. IMPORTANT : All content hosted onAl-Islam.orgis solely for non-commercial purposes and with the permission of original copyright holders. WebThe first of them is his son, Hasan, then Husayn, then Ali ibn Husayn, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ja'far ibn Muhammad, then Musa ibn Ja'far, then Ali ibn Musa, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ali ibn Muhammad, then Hasan ibn Ali then al-Hujjah al-Qaim al-Mahdi al-Hadi ibn Hasan, Master of the Time (May Allah hasten his blessed advent).