what is the border between france and germany called what is the border between france and germany called

Although Alsace is part of France, its borders have not always been clear. Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France in 1919 after World War I. The border between France and Germany is know as The Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine. The border follows the Upper Rhine from the tripoint (Dreilndereck) with the French-Swiss and the German-Swiss borders at Basel (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}473524N 73520E / 47.590N 7.589E / 47.590; 7.589), passing between Strasbourg and Offenburg. While the modern border was formally established in 1990, it has undergone numerous shifts for hundreds of years. Then the border continues eastward (423009N 014334E / 42.50250N 1.72611E / 42.50250; 1.72611) to the Mediterranean Sea at Cerbre in France and Portbou in Spain (422609N 031026E / 42.43583N 3.17389E / 42.43583; 3.17389). Thousands of residents who considered themselves French emigrated during this period. However, most of the current international border was established as a result of the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites that saw the subdivision of the duchy of Schleswig between the two countries. Is the city of Strasbourg in France or Germany? In 1871, after the Franco-Prussian war, Strasbourg was annexed to the newly established German Empire. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". While both languages are official languages in their respective countries, the vast majority of people in . Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. France has airlifted 491 people from 36 countries, including 12 EU nations, to Djibouti since Sunday, according to the ministry, Agence France Presse (AFP) reports. "Deutschland behlt Extra-Grenzkontrollen | DW | 04.12.2019", Franco-Dutch treaty on Saint Martin border controls, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FranceGermany_border&oldid=1130775265, 1648 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 December 2022, at 22:35. What is the border between France and Germany. What is the boundary between France and Germany? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Metropolitan France 's only land border with a non-Schengen country is with Andorra, while the Channel Tunnel forms a railway link with the United Kingdom. When travelling from France to the UK by Eurotunnel, after French immigration exit checks, British immigration and customs checks both take place on French soil before boarding the train shuttle. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. This would be followed by the Treaty of Llivia the following year, which transferred to France the sovereignty of several villages in the valley of Querol. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". The country has a land border that spans 2,307 miles in length. The overseas departments and territories of France are not part of the Schengen Area. The French government reorganised the newly enlarged left bank of the Rhine and created four new departments: Mont-Tonnerre, Rhin-et-Moselle, Roer and Sarre. By 1905, however, many of Alsace-Lorraines Roman Catholics had been alienated by the French republics anticlerical policies, and so they shifted their aspirations toward an autonomous Alsace-Lorraine within the German Empire. Savoy and Nice were definitively annexed by France in 1860 by the Treaty of Turin. Human rights groups called the punishment excessive. Other rivers and creeks found in sections of the border include Leiblach, Salzach, and Saalach. French resistance was carried on against desperate odds by a new government of national defense, which assumed power in Paris on September 4, 1870, and proclaimed the deposition of the emperor and the establishment of the Third Republic. The France-Swiss border is 572 km (355 miles) with no customs controls. Germany would later invade Poland during the Second World War, but after its defeat in the war, the border was reconstructed and followed the traditional border along the Neisse and Oder rivers. In 2005 France re-imposed border controls after the bomb attacks by Islamist militants in London. The French Republic [1] has terrestrial borders with 10 sovereign states, 8 bordering Metropolitan France [2] and 2 bordering the Overseas Departments [3] [4] of France, totaling 3,959 kilometres (2,460 mi). The Army of the Alps invaded Savoy, part of the Kingdom of Sardinia allied with Austria, and took it with very little resistance between the September 21 and 22, 1792. These lines, more often called borders, are created by people to separate areas governed by different groups. The first 101 people landed in Berlin on Monday, coming from a hub in Jordan. Territory of Alsace-Lorraine. For General Adam Philippe de Custine, commander of the Army of the Rhine, "if the Rhine is not the limit of the Republic, it will perish" (Si le Rhin n'est pas la limite de la Rpublique, elle prira). The border is complicated there, with Dutch exclaves inside it. In the North, the North sea is open towards the . It runs from the Alps in the north, a region in which it passes over Mont Blanc, down to the Mediterranean coast in the south. This superior organization and mobility enabled the chief of the general staff, Gen. Helmuth von Moltke, to exploit German superiority in numbers in most of the wars battles. Sbastien Dubois, "La conqute de la Belgique et la thorie des frontires naturelles de la France (XVIIeXIXe sicle)," in Laurence Van Ypersele (dir. German Chancelor Angela Merkel and French President Franois Hollande are celebrating 50 years of Franco-German relations in Berlin this week. France is the third largest country in Europe (after Russia and Ukraine). Lake Constance is the sole lake found on the Austria-Germany border and is located at the western endpoint of the border. Updates? The Franco-Spanish border runs for 656.3 kilometres (407.8 mi) between southwestern France and northeastern Spain. This was demanded by Georges Jacques Danton on January 21, 1793, justifying that "the limits of France are marked by nature, we will reach the four corners of the horizon, to the edge of the Rhine, to the edge of the ocean, to the edge of the Pyrenees, to the edge of the Alps. Even so, the French were beaten at the Battle of Neerwinden on March 18, 1793, and were forced to leave Belgium. Corrections? Prussia's defeat of Austria in the Seven Weeks' War in 1866 had confirmed Prussian leadership of the German states and . Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. the English Channel Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. What is the boundary between France and Germany? The French governments attempts to rapidly assimilate Alsace-Lorraine met with problems, however, especially in Frances plans to substitute state-run schools for the regions traditional church schools and in its attempts to suppress German newspapers (German being the written language of 75 percent of the inhabitants). Furthermore, France had to pay an indemnity of five billion francs and cover the costs of the German occupation of Frances northern provinces until the indemnity was paid. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The area was initially part of the Kingdom of France but was acquired by the German Empire in 1871 in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War. In 2003, France signed an agreement with the United Kingdom to introduce 'juxtaposed controls' (in French, des bureaux de contrles nationaux juxtaposs, or 'BCNJ') at Dover on the British side and at Calais, Dunkirk and Boulogne-sur-Mer on the French side. It's a particularly hilly part of Europe, with a strip of small mountains running from north to south called Les Vosges. After Waterloo, by the second Treaty of Paris in 1815, France was taken back to its 1790 borders and therefore lost Savoy. This article related to geography of France is a stub. Spain has an exclave in France, Llvia, in the Pyrnes-Orientales. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The following is a list of border crossing points in France (French: points de passages frontaliers, or "PPF") forming the external border of the Schengen Area. Most importantly, Germanys annexation of Alsace-Lorraine aroused a deep longing for revenge in the French people. After the first abdication of Napoleon on April 6, 1814, France lost, by the Treaty of Paris, all its territories conquered after 1792. The Peace of Westphalia (1648) concluding that war gave control of Alsace-Lorraine to France. PARAFE self-service gates have been installed at a number of border crossing points to facilitate passage for eligible travellers (European Economic Area, Andorran, Monegasque, San Marinese and Swiss biometric passport holders aged 18 or over). The current border was re-established after the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II. It is probably the safest city in France to travel to, but it has its dangers. Corrections? On January 31, 1793, the Convention annexed the County of Nice and the Principality of Monaco to form the dpartement of Alpes-Maritimes. With Napoleon III no longer in power to protect them, the Papal States were annexed by Italy (September 20, 1870), thereby completing that nations unification. The border follows the High Rhine, with Lake Constance sitting on the border. According to University of California, Berkeley, historian Peter Sahlins, "as a model of French identity, it formed part of a constitutive myth of the state. It was formally established under the Treaty of Kortrijk, signed in 1820 after Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo five . The natural borders of France ( French: Frontires naturelles de la France) were a nationalist theory developed in France, notably during the French Revolution. Grades 5 - 12+ Subjects Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph U.S.-Mexico Border A border is a physical or political line that separates geographic areas. Germany has the second-highest number of bordering countries in Europe, with its nine bordering countries only being exceeded by Russia. This territory was retroceded to France in 1919 after World War I, was ceded again to Germany in 1940 during World War II, and was again retroceded to France in 1945. The Third Reich would forcefully annex the region in 1941 during the Second World War, but surrendered it again after its defeat in the aftermath of the war. Where does France and Germany collide in Strasbourg? This move greatly alarmed France, who felt threatened by a possible combination of Prussia and Spain directed against it. The Franco-German border ( French: Frontire entre l'Allemagne et la France; German: Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich) separates France and Germany and has a length of 450 km (280 mi), about half of it along the Rhine . Three national parks are located along the border: Vanoise National Park and Mercantour National Park on the French side and Gran Paradiso National Park on the Italian side. The Pont Saint-Ludovic / Ponte San Ludovico border crossing point between Menton, France and Ventimiglia, Italy. In addition, the territories of France border an additional 5 countries and territories.[5]. The new border between France and Germany mainly followed the geolinguistic divide between French and German dialects, except in a few valleys of the Alsatian side of the Vosges mountains, the city of Metz and its region and in the area of Chteau-Salins (formerly in the Meurthe dpartement ), which were annexed by Germany although most people Geographically strategic, it was fought over for centuries between the French and Germans and Alsace and Lorraine. Bavaria is the single German state found along the border, while Salzburg, Vorarlberg, Oberosterreich, and Tirol are the four Austrian states situated along the border. English map representing the North West Regions of Italy (Kingdom of Sardinia, Duchy of Milan, Republic of Genoa) and the border with France in the 18th century. Plebiscites were instrumental in the demarcation of the border, in line with the Treaty of Versailles. Because of its ancient German associations and because of its large German-speaking population, Alsace-Lorraine was incorporated into the German Empire after Frances defeat in the Franco-German War (187071). About 104,000 officers and men were taken prisoner, including both Napoleon and Mac-Mahon. Denmark is situated to the north of Germany, with the two countries sharing a land boundary. The immediate cause of the Franco-German War, however, was the candidacy of Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (who was related to the Prussian royal house) for the Spanish throne, which had been left vacant when Queen Isabella II had been deposed in 1868. The Commune was suppressed after two months, and the harsh provisions of the Treaty of Frankfurt were then implemented: Germany annexed Alsace and half of Lorraine, with Metz. This includes mainland France in Europe and numerous islands and territories around the world. Omissions? Franco-German War, also called Franco-Prussian War, (July 19, 1870-May 10, 1871), war in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France. The plebiscites were conducted following provisions of the Treaty of Versailles, in the aftermath of the First World War, which Germany lost. France-Spain border. Alsace-Lorraine was the name given to the 5,067 square miles (13,123 square km) of territory that was ceded by France to Germany in 1871 after the Franco-German War. The border separates three regions (Aosta Valley, Piedmont and Liguria) and four provinces of Italy (Aosta, Turin, Cuneo and Imperia) from two regions (Auvergne-Rhne-Alpes and Provence-Alpes-Cte d'Azur) and five departments of France (Haute-Savoie, Savoie, Hautes-Alpes, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Alpes-Maritimes). It was created in 1871 by the German Empire after they won the Franco-Prussian War. The eastern end point is the tripoint (together with Germany) at Vaalserberg. France is located in Western Europe and shares borders with Andorra, Spain, Monaco, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg and Belgium. Shortly after the start of the western border, following the course of the river Bidasoa, Pheasant Island located in the middle of the river has a particular border regime: the island is a condominium whose sovereignty is shared between the two countries determined by if it is the first or the second half of a year.[1]. Three national parks are located along the border: Vanoise National Park and Mercantour National Park on the French side and Gran Paradiso National Park on the Italian side. The nine countries that Germany shares its land boundary with are Austria, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, France, Luxembourg, Denmark, Poland, Switzerland, and Belgium. 1. [5] List Marginal Line was the 320 km line of fortification built by France along its border with Germany before World War II, to protect its boundary from German attack. The France-Germany border (French: Frontire entre l'Allemagne et la France; German: Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Frankreich) separates the boundaries of France and Germany and has a length of 450 km (280 mi). The debate over France's borders continued throughout the nineteenth century. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. In fact, the war against the United Kingdom rested partly on the ban on all commerce with Great Britain. France-Germany border. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Omissions? Bismarck, for his part, saw war with France as an opportunity to bring the South German states into unity with the Prussian-led North German Confederation and build a strong German Empire. Copy. What's more, at a recent NATO meeting, Germany signed a deal with 14 other NATO countries and Finland on a new air defense system called the European Sky Shield Initiative, or ESSI. [1] According to University of California, Berkeley, historian Peter Sahlins, "most historians of France today dismiss the "doctrine" of natural frontiers as too teleological a reading of France's history. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Austria ceded to France all its territories to the west of the Rhine. the German-France border and the France- Belgium border to fight Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Heinrich Himmler: A Life, Peter Longerich at the best online prices at eBay! This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Border: France-Germany Date(s) of establishment: 1648 (Treaty of Westphalia); 1945 (current demarcation) Length of border: 451 km . The two countries established the French-Italy relation in 1861 when the interstate boundary was created. The French were convinced that the reorganization of their army in 1866 had made it superior to the German armies. The border was then changed by the Treaty of Paris in 1947, when France acquired Tende, La Brigue, Mont Chaberton and the Lake of Mont Cenis. 5 Where is the Rhine River in France and Germany? What was the border between France and Germany? Including all of its territories, France has twelve time zones, the most of any country. The nine countries that Germany shares its land boundary with are Austria, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, France, Luxembourg, Denmark . The Germans crushing victory over France in the war consolidated their faith in Prussian militarism, which would remain a dominant force in German society until 1945. It begins in the west on the Bay of Biscay at the French city of Hendaye and the Spanish city of Irun (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}432232N 014731W / 43.37556N 1.79194W / 43.37556; -1.79194). This article was most recently revised and updated by, The French collapse and the siege of Paris, https://www.britannica.com/event/Franco-German-War, Chemins de mmoire - The Franco-Prussian War, 1870-71, Franco-Prussian War - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The Pyrenees ( les Pyrnes ), stretch from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean coasts in the south of France, marking the border between France and Spain, with the tiny country of Andorra nestled in the mountains. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. But along the German-French border, thoughts of. The Czech Republic borders Germany in the south of the country. September 16, 2022 // Marc. It is 515 kilometres (320mi) long,[1] in southeast France and northwest Italy. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Alsace-Lorraine, CRW Flags - Flag of Alsace-Lorraine (France) under German occupation (1870-1919), Minority Rights Group International - Alsatians and Lorrainians, Alsace-Lorraine - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The Rhine forms the eastern border of Alsace on the French side and the western border of Baden-Wrttemberg on the German side. Both countries were among the founders of the G7, NATO, and the inner six countries that formed the European Union. [4] On December 17, the Convention adopted the Declaration of the French Revolutionary Administration of Conquered Lands (French: Dcret sur l'administration rvolutionnaire franaise des pays conquis), prelude to the annexation of Belgium by France. These markers are numbered from west to east: one located on the Bidasoa and the last in Cap Cerbere, marked with consecutive numbers and letters. The Var river border between Gaul and Italy in Roman Empire. A marker on the French side of the border in Alpes-Maritimes. The natural border divided the then Frankish Empire and Denmark. The war marked the end of French hegemony in continental Europe and resulted in the creation of a unified Germany. Generally, Strasbourg is very safe to visit. France borders Italy to the southeast with the borderline being 488 km long. French is spoken by around 75 million people, while German is the native language of around 80 million people. Alsace is a region in north-eastern France that borders Switzerland and Germany. There are no countries which are between Germany and France. Strasbourg, German Strassburg, city, capital of Bas-Rhin dpartement, Grand Est rgion, eastern France. 1,177 people on the wanted list were arrested, there were 1,235 breaches of residency laws, 406 breaches against narcotics laws, 205 breaches of weapons laws, 47 cases of falsified documents, and 19 people with extremist backgrounds were hindered from entering Germany. In 1980 an agreement was signed to define the border into the Bielsa-Aragnouet tunnel,[5] and 1984, during the construction of the road linking the Roncal Valley with Arette, it was agreed a mutual transfer of land of 2710 m2.[6]. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Moreover, its population was initially enthusiastic over the new French republic, and German rule remained unpopular for some years among the inhabitants, who continued to protest the German annexation. Commercial Photography: How To Get The Right Shots And Be Successful, Nikon Coolpix P510 Review: Helps You Take Cool Snaps, 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Marshmallow, Technological Advancements: How Technology Has Changed Our Lives (In A Bad Way), 15 Tips, Tricks and Shortcuts for your Android Lollipop, Awe-Inspiring Android Apps Fabulous Five, IM Graphics Plugin Review: You Dont Need A Graphic Designer. They also had great faith in two recently introduced technical innovations: the breech-loading chassepot rifle, with which the entire army was now equipped; and the newly invented mitrailleuse, an early machine gun. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The Germany-Denmark boundary stretches 86 miles in length. STRASBOURG, France (AP) Strasbourg is the capital of Frances Alsace region and just a two-hour train ride from Paris. The Franco-German War had far-reaching consequences. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.