Create and find flashcards in record time. b. demand Country that has recently established an industrialized economy based on manufacturing and global trade. One historical example of a factor that contributed to population growth is the Industrial Revolution, which led to improvements in public health and increased life expectancy, leading to a population boom. Due to the nature of the global economy the wealthiest countries can rely on the poorest countries to provide the bulk of their primary economic activities and the semi-developed countries to provide the bulk of their secondary economic activities. C) Describe one way in which a lack of access to resources can impact the quality of life. Life expectancy is generally much higher in HICs. Answer: Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, either within a country or across national borders. Answer: Urbanization is the process by which cities grow in size and number as more people move from rural areas to urban areas. 3) Takeoff stage - Introduction and rapid growth (industrial revolution) of manufacturing industries, better infrastructure, financial investment, and cultural change Listen to the first 1 minute of the video below. The idea that an imaginary line can be draw around the north pole roughly (excluding Australia) that encompasses the MDCs of the world. See the Inequality Adjusted Development Index from the U.N. Economic Sector (Business Services) - innovator or inventor. Raw materials are materials that other things are made from. This is because the primary objective is to make money from that resource, rather than focusing on ways to improve development. Industrialization consumer goods more affordable and available, Railroads increased circulation of goods, people, and ideas, Demand for raw materials increased, new sources acquired by steamship, Women gained economic power with opportunities in factories, Countries develop with more trade and more knowledge of economics, Development should be sustainable to prevent depletion of limited natural resources. This can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join by shaping cultural exchange and economic ties, such as through the creation of diaspora networks that facilitate trade and investment. These can also be used to compare countries with each other. US - only 2% of workers are in agriculture. #1-73: Read Chapter 1 (pg. when one country gives something to another country. Answer: Sustainable development is a development model that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Geothermal energy: This type of energy is generated using heat from the earth's core to produce electricity or to heat and cool buildings. For example, life expectancy in the UK in 2019 was 81.20 years old. An example of agglomeration is the concentration of industries in a specific area or region. Does that sound easy enough to understand? Development & Gender - Ms. Silvius's AP Human Geography 2) Transitional phase / pre-take off - Building infrastructure that is needed before development can take place, e.g. the number of live births per thousand of population per year. They use concepts of location and distribution to do so.Especially important in the study of human geography is the tension between . (B) Explain how ethnicity can be a factor that leads to the devolution of a state. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Scoring Guidelines Question 1: No stimulus In most countries, the concept of the state as a political unit is subject to the tensions between centrifugal and centripetal forces. the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. Extract resources. Going down to even smaller scales, within a city core and peripheral areas can be spatially designated. Some countries are much richer and much more powerful than others. Standards of living. Click on the map if you would like to enlarge it. To be truly sustainable, ecotourism must be carefully planned and managed to ensure that the negative impacts on the environment and local communities are minimized. This can take the form of economic policies that favor the interests of foreign corporations and governments, or the use of military or diplomatic pressure to influence the domestic policies of a weaker country. For example, droughts and other extreme weather events can lead to crop failures, which can increase food prices and make it difficult for some people to access basic necessities. AP Human Geo - 6.11 Challenges of Urban Sustainability | Fiveable (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. An example of language convergence is Spanglish, which combines elements of Spanish and English to create a distinct dialect that is used in some regions of the United States and Latin America. An example of a historical push factor is the Irish potato famine, which led many Irish people to emigrate to other countries. A language, on the other hand, is a standardized system of communication that is used by a community of speakers who share a common linguistic history. There are many causes of uneven development; physical (climate, the natural resource curse, and landlocked countries), economic (the cycle of poverty, global trading systems), and historical (colonialism). The amount of wealth or goods that people have. *Projects are often labour intensive and for the benefit of the local community e.g building a well or repairing irrigation ditches. Ecotourism can provide a range of benefits, including: Environmental benefits: By promoting conservation and sustainability, ecotourism can help to protect and preserve natural areas and biodiversity. Push factors are reasons why people want to move away from a country. E) Describe one way in which technology can be used to address resource distribution challenges. Answer: Assimilation refers to the process by which migrants adopt the cultural norms and values of their new communities. %PDF-1.7 % Industrialization and Economic Growth will give power to some but will hurt others through the process of Uneven Development. Chapter 1: Basic Concepts (Unit I: Geography: Its Nature and Perspective) Chapter Outline. Improve maternal health combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all. Core and Periphery, Two Types That Make the World B) Describe two social consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country in a year, divided by the total number of people living in that country. An example of this is the use of language policies to promote or suppress the use of certain languages in schools or government, which can affect the power and status of different linguistic groups. For example, the use of certain words or phrases can signal membership in a particular group and reinforce cultural ties. While a nation and a state can overlap, they are not synonymous. the Endangered Languages Program (ELP)), promote bilingual education, or support the development of language revitalization programs in indigenous communities. Life expectancy is generally much higher in HICs. A country that isn't very powerful, nor weak. From historical human factors such as conflict (war) and political instability, to physical factors such. Countries in the semi-periphery are countries that have a standard of living lower than those in the core, but much higher than those in the periphery. They are almost exclusively centers of manufacturing and exporting. Birdwatching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and identifying birds in their natural habitat. example, "Population") was also useful for answering the question, especially in parts B and C. Sample: 3A Score: 6 Market economy: A market economy is one in which the production and distribution of goods and services are determined by the laws of supply and demand in a free market. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. Uneven development describes the way development differs across the world, and takes place at different speeds. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY SECTION II Time1 hour and 15 minutes Percent of total score50 Directions: You have 1 hour and 15 minutes to answer all three of the following questions. 2-41) of the AP Human Geography textbook A link to the Pdf file of this chapter is posted below for you to reference until the textbooks are distributed: d. change in demand AP Human Geography Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes March 15, 2023 With so much information to learn and retain as you study for the AP Human Geography Exam, it's important to review effectively. Uneven development results in differences in wealth across the world. Reducing the development gap is vital for reducing uneven development. If these countries are also in debt, the situation will only worsen, as they will be in a constant cycle of owing money. The free-response question no stimulus found there reads as follows: In most countries, the concept of the state as a political unit is subject to the tensions between centrifugal and centripetal forces. There are several types of economies, including: So an economy is basically people that buy things from the people that make things. In the poorest parts of the world the vast majority of the population is engaged in primary economic activities like farming, fishing, hunting, and mining. 4) Drive to maturity - New ideas and technology improve and replace older industries, economic growth spreads throughout the country. This dependence has led to criticism that these countries are still being exploited and controlled by outside powers, despite the formal end of colonialism. There is often a huge gap between the very wealthy and the very poor, both in HICs and LICs. Economic causes include the cycle of poverty and global trading systems. Coffee is the product. More industrialized. Births plus deaths divided by immigration B. PDF Ap Human Geography This is vastly uneven globally; let's take a look at some of the reasons why. Migration is a process that has significant cultural, social, economic, and political implications for both migrants and the communities they leave and join. The construction of the canal also led to the development of other growth poles in the surrounding region, as new industries, such as tourism and real estate, emerged to serve the needs of the canal. What primarily separates the so-called fast world from the slow world? B) Explain two social or cultural consequences of migration, providing an example of each. Example: US and Canada, Provides loans to countries to reform public administration and legal institutions, develop and strengthen financial institutions, and implement transportation and social service projects. Answer: Population growth refers to the increase in the number of individuals in a population over time. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including technological change, globalization, and shifts in consumer demand. I. Also a blogger, keynote speaker, editor, podcast host, and conference presenter. The back-wash effect can be best described as __________. The value is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale. AP Human Geography 320 resources . A classic example of this that is mentioned often is the Rust Belt experience of the Midwest. There are several types of renewable energy technologies, including: Solar energy: This type of energy is generated from sunlight using photovoltaic cells or concentrated solar power systems. Adventure tourism: This type of ecotourism involves participating in activities such as rafting, kayaking, and rock climbing in natural settings. Most fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas and coal are considered nonrenewable resources in that their use is not sustainable because their formation takes billions of years. The SDGs are intended to be integrated and indivisible, meaning that they are interconnected and cannot be achieved in isolation. Answer: Historical and contemporary factors that have influenced language distribution and diversity include colonialism, migration patterns, globalization, and language policies. c. microeconomics Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. It is important to note that these inequalities don't just appear at a global scale, but can be seen at a national scale within countries. Example: making clothes, The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN. What exactly does this mean? (A) Explain the difference between a dialect and a language. Ecotourism activities often involve nature-based experiences, such as wildlife viewing, birdwatching, hiking, and camping. They have significant economic power and influence and are often accused of exploiting developing countries and undermining local businesses and cultures. G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address resource distribution challenges. Access to high-levels of education and relatively high levels of female empowerment, Access to reliable medical care and sufficient food security, Access to high-level telecommunication and transportation technology, The ability to vote and to buy and sell on an open market. The spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefit. Definitions for Topics 7.1-7.8. Colonialism has occurred intensely throughout history. Term. AP Human Geography Course - AP Central | College Board Example: USA, The percentage of a country's people who can read and write. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. Biomass energy: This type of energy is generated using organic matter, such as wood, crops, and animal waste, as a fuel source. In the 1950s, many countries became independent and removed their colonial ties. 4) Data administration stage. One example of such an organization is the United Nations, which is a global organization that seeks to promote international cooperation and resolve conflicts between states. That is what this whole unit is about. Raw materials are often made into more expensive goods or products in HICs, therefore boosting these economies instead, whilst LICs have to import these expensive goods, so economic growth remains low. D) Analyze the relationship between globalization and resource distribution, providing at least one example of how globalization can impact the distribution of resources. Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. Review Session #1: AP Human Geography. Ecotourism can take place in a variety of natural and cultural settings around the world. This indicates social segregation, or the separation of groups of people, in this case, the rich and poor. Find the unit price for each item listed. Environmental determinism is the belief that the environment, most notably its physical factors such as landforms and climate, determines the patterns of human culture and societal development. Also be sure to answer each question in no more than three sentences, Below is how ChatGPT responded to my request, with this work not yet having been field tested. AP Human Geography : Uneven Levels of Development *Involves more local communities and local workers. This decline has been due in part to the outsourcing of manufacturing to countries with lower labor costs, as well as automation and other technological changes that have reduced the need for labor. As a result, many U.S. cities that were once reliant on manufacturing have experienced economic decline and social disruption. Renewable energy has several benefits over non-renewable energy sources. Quality of life is the level of access to things like health, comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. Will you pass the quiz? 488 0 obj <>stream Promoting sustainable agriculture: This can involve using sustainable farming practices that minimize the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, conserve water, and protect soil health. Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. It is based on the principles of conservation, education, and sustainability, and aims to provide a positive economic and cultural exchange between visitors and local communities. The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period, usually one year. Development is the improvement of the standard of living of a population. Economic Sector (Consumer Services) usually thought of as a subset of quaternary. Hiking and backpacking: This type of ecotourism involves exploring natural areas on foot, often along trails or in wilderness areas. For instance, as more people move to cities, air pollution from transportation and industry can increase, and natural habitats may be destroyed to make way for urban development. Examples include the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, and the Mayan ruins in Mexico. Causes and consequences of uneven development - BBC Answer: Linguistic imperialism refers to the dominance of one language over others, often as a result of colonialism or globalization. LICs typically only export one type of product, such as coffee, which can mean they become reliant on this. The Central African Republic has a current life expectancy of 54.022. Lack of investment By the MDCs continues to keep these countries in poverty The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as local context, support from government and civil society, and the involvement of the international community. E) Analyze the relationship between urbanization and globalization, providing at least one example of how globalization has influenced urbanization patterns. Usually poor. Ch 1 Key Issue 2: Why is Each Point on Earth, World History and Geography: Modern Times. But why is this the case? the state of relying on or needing someone or something for aid, support. Human geography - Wikipedia For instance, as cities become more crowded, people may feel disconnected from their communities and may be less likely to engage in community events or activities. Sign up to highlight and take notes. Promoting social equity: This can involve ensuring access to education, healthcare, and other basic services for all members of society. development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. How close is the ttt-value to the corresponding zzz-value (at the bottom of the column for d.f. Semi-periphery areas. An example of a maquiladora is a factory in Mexico that imports raw materials from the United States, assembles the materials into finished products, and then exports the products back to the United States. The development process takes place at different speeds. Deindustrialization is the process of a region or country losing its industrial base and shifting towards a service-based economy. Example: the literacy rate of the US is high, The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it. An example of its impact on language diversity is the spread of English as a global language, which has led to the loss of other languages and dialects. A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology. Use ordinary interest at exact time to solve. (C) Explain the concept of language convergence and describe one example of a language that has experienced convergence. Rural and indigenous communities: These are small communities in remote areas that are often dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as community involvement, funding, and support from government and educational institutions. Uneven nature of growth creates a spatial gap . It can also be on a social scale, based upon factors such as healthcare, education, and people's quality of life. Need help reviewing for AP HUG?! Answer: Resource distribution refers to the way in which resources are allocated and accessed in a society. There is a huge contrast in the number of people living in eastern China compared to the distribution in the western part of the country. Answer: A sustainable city is a city that is designed to meet the needs of its residents while also protecting the environment and conserving resources for future generations. Removing large debts that have built up over time. Review Session #1: AP Human Geography - Olympic High School Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat. True or false: tourism has helped Tunisias economy, as well as improving other development indicators. No country has this as main form of economics. Answer: Urbanization and globalization are interrelated as global economic forces often influence the growth of urban areas. The second most expensive house in the world (after Buckingham Palace) is placed directly next to one of Mumbai's slums. A) Define the concept of population growth and provide one historical or contemporary example of a factor that has contributed to population growth. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Mixed economy: A mixed economy is a hybrid system that combines elements of both market and command economies. Example: The productivity of a certain car, five steps through which all countries must pass to become developed. They explore changes to places resulting from the growth or loss of industry and the role of industry in the world economy. Neocolonialism is a term used to describe the continuing economic and political control of a country by a more powerful outside force, even after the formal end of colonialism. However, people can be pushed out of their home country because of war or natural disasters. [79e"; Ly:?M,@hZIdv*KYVBm96p#{oAOJ.1pKSm+2IBQ+FRszh289J={C=Mn^5'. It states that as one region of a state flourishes economically it does not necessarily improve the economy of another region, but instead, conversely, diminishes the significance and strength of another region. McDonald's has restaurants in over 100 countries and generates a significant portion of its revenue from international operations. Business development is still very uneven within the UK, because of local transaction costs, variations in institutional thickness, agglomeration, external and urbanization economies, and the continued importance of face-to-face contacts. 5) Age of mass consumption - People have more wealth and so buy services and goods (consumer society), welfare systems are fully developed, trade expands, 1). PDF AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES - College Board You could find that on Google or in your textbook, but what does that really mean? Check out the examples below to find out more. The city has a diverse economy, with a mix of manufacturing, service, and technology industries. For example: In Rostow's model uneven global development can be lessened, but in Wallerstein's model uneven global development is a basic characteristic of the world system. I just directed ChatGPT to do the following: Create six free-response questions no stimulus modeled after the free-response question no stimulus found in the AP Human Geography Sample Exam located on page 167 of the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. Examples include the Maasai Mara in Kenya, the Amazon rainforest in South America, and the Borneo rainforest in Malaysia. International migration can also make development worse; more educated people tend to leave LICs searching for better opportunities elsewhere. In Egypt, for . Physical causes of uneven development include climate, natural resource curse theory, and being landlocked. A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality developed by an Italian statistician. Example: Nepal, A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development. A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. Answer: A supranational organization is an organization that operates above the level of individual states and has the power to make decisions that affect its member states. All Ive done is prompted ChatGPT as described above, and then with what ChatGPT returned, produced this post. - Less developed countries. nLy,En[SP Cultural benefits: Ecotourism can facilitate cultural exchange and understanding between visitors and local communities, and can help to preserve and promote local cultures and traditions. Two features of a sustainable city include walkability and green infrastructure. A) Explain the concept of urbanization and identify two historical factors that have contributed to the growth of urban areas. 2 - Antilia tower in Mumbai, the second most expensive house in the world. Answer: Language convergence refers to the blending of two or more languages into a new, hybrid language. D) Describe two environmental consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. . Responses to uneven development - Causes and consequences of uneven We can also look at development on a scale. (C)Describe one example of a boundary dispute and explain the factors that contribute to boundary disputes. Educational benefits: Ecotourism can provide opportunities for visitors to learn about the environment and local cultures, and can promote environmental and cultural awareness and appreciation. Where is a good example of tourism helping to close the development gap? The U.S. is the main market for maquiladora exports, although they also export to other countries. Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are large and powerful companies that are spread all around the world. e. demand curve =40,95=40,95=40,95 percent confidence, b. d.f.=80,95d . 2) Contagion stage - This is a period of rapid and uncontrolled growth in the number and variety of applications of the particular technology. L/$;cqHi}1Kl@g;)k{Qf7og\E[ah]iahz +qp)4 Answer: Transnationalism refers to the ways in which migrants maintain connections to their home countries while also adapting to their new communities. It is usually used to measure income inequality, but can be used to measure any form of uneven distribution. AP Human Geography - 1 Name_____ Rubenstein's The Cultural Landscape Chapter 1: Thinking Geographically Introduction to Note Packets Reading the textbook and taking notes while reading are NECESSARY steps in processing and . Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes. (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. What is another name for natural resource curse theory? energy replaced continually within a human lifespan, has an essentially unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by people.
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