To search for food, our ancestors developed an upright posture that enabled them to use their hands while wading into deeper waters. Notability can be determined by considering whether there are enough reliable and independent sources that discuss the person in a serious and extensive manner, taking care also to avoid the pitfalls that can appear when determining the notability of fringe theories themselves. But medications like psychostimulants to treat children with hyperactive disorders, and neurotropics (or smart drugs) have yet to be tested with any real accuracy. ", Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science, The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fringe_science&oldid=1148162414, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2010, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from June 2022, Articles with AV media file bare URLs for citations, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 April 2023, at 13:05. Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Search for New Drugs: A Theory of RD in the Pharmaceutical Industry Khazabi, Massoud and Quyen, Nguyen University of Ottawa 1 September 2010 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39462/ MPRA Paper No. Hardouin believed the group had created the Greek versions solely to corrupt the peoplea plan foiled only by the timely distribution of the Latin version. Articles about fringe theories sourced solely from a single primary source (even when it is peer reviewed) may be excluded from Wikipedia on notability grounds. In an article on a fringe topic, if a notable fringe theory is primarily described by amateurs and self-published texts, verifiable and reliable criticism of the fringe theory need not be published in a peer reviewed journal. The Nazi invasion, code-named Operation Barbarossa, caught the Soviets totally off guard, since they did not expect the Germans to attack. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. 10 Fantastically Far-Fetched Fringe Theories - Listverse Harold Brooks-Baker was an Anglo-American journalist who became famous for his books on the genealogy of the British Royal family. [4] Poorly conducted research, research fraud and other types of bad science are not necessarily pseudoscientific refer to reliable sources to find the appropriate characterisation. This feat was verified by sailor Philip Beale. This list catalogs well-accepted theories in science and pre-scientific natural philosophy and natural history which have since been superseded by scientific theories.Many discarded explanations were once supported by a scientific consensus, but replaced after more empirical information became available that identified flaws and prompted new theories which better explain the available data. Yes, that is correct, his name is Rich Walker. Psychological Theories: Definition, Types, and Examples - Verywell Mind Lazcano is suspected of killing hundreds of people and used torture to spread fear over the populace. The complicated relationship between the level of acceptance of an idea and its notability is explored below. Alternative theoretical formulations from within the scientific community are not pseudoscience, but part of the scientific process. We humans have been using drugs in an attempt to access our whole brains for about as long as weve been on this planet. Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell) may be treated as pseudoscience. Jeffrey Amherst, infamous racist douchebag, goes down in history for giving Native Americans blankets covered in smallpox germs to Extirpate this Execrable Race.. We can thank those two for fringe outfits, flower headbands, and probably Coachella. Hardouin arrived at this conclusion after he had supposedly found numerous mistakes in the ancient and classical texts. In 1919, the British-Israel-World Federation was set up in London and joined by some prominent political figures, including the Prime Minister of New Zealand, William Massey. The secrecy of the shooting has spawned a series of conspiracy theories that say Todashev was assassinated by the FBI in order to keep him quiet about the Boston Marathon bombings. Not all pseudoscience and fringe theories are alike. Fringe science has its basis in established science, but explores and studies areas at the very boundaries, and is often poorly funded and under-resourced. The governing policies regarding fringe theories are the three core content policies, Neutral point of view, No original research, and Verifiability. The point is not only to demonstrate that the heterogeneity of the fringe defies simple classification and dismissal, but also to suggest that focusing on the content of the theories is not the most productive way to understand the durability of fringe science. However, he might have used a metal pole or broomstick. This is the principle of one-way linking for fringe theories. Some journeyed even further, until they finally reached the Japanese islands, where they established the Shinto religion and the emperor system. In particular, the relative space that an article devotes to different aspects of a fringe theory should follow from consideration primarily of the independent sources. Should any inconsistency arise between this guideline and the content policies, the policies take precedence. In the book, Mary is said to have been seduced by a soldier named Ben Pandera before giving birth to Jesus. Jointly these say that articles should not contain any novel analysis or synthesis, that material likely to be challenged needs a reliable source, and that all majority and significant-minority views published in reliable sources should be represented fairly and proportionately. So far, Fomenko and his believers continue to work on their theory, despite being criticized by mainstream historians and scientists for their unconventional methods and views. The radiation cloud will continue to move around the world for decades, while the Pacific Ocean will be polluted by the complete failure of the power plant. In late October 1948, something strange happened in Donora, Pennsylvania. These physiological features, plus a few others (enlarged brains, empty sinuses, and descended larynxes), constitute concrete proof for supporters of the theory. However, information in the book indicates a potentially earlier publication date. "but restraint should be used with such qualifiers to avoid giving the appearance of an overly harsh or overly critical assessment. Are there any fringe conspiracy theories developed under democratic societies with a healthy freedom of press that are now widely accepted as fact? And maintaining a steady supply of booze required relatively intensive farming techniques that were incompatible with the nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle. Fringe science is a branch of science that departs from the established scientific theories. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism: Antecedents from the 1930s By Halloween, 20 people had died and half the entire population of 14,000 had been left sick. 10 Controversial Fringe Theories by Dylan Angeles fact checked by Jamie Frater A fringe theory is an idea that departs from the mainstream view. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Likewise, an alleged speech by Stalin supposedly indicates that he hoped that Germanys war with Britain and France would leave the three countries exhausted, consequently making them easy pickings for the Soviets. By the same token, the purpose of Wikipedia is not to offer originally synthesized prose "debunking" notable ideas which the scientific community may consider to be absurd or unworthy. Wikipedia is not a forum for presenting new ideas, for countering any systemic bias in institutions such as academia, or for otherwise promoting ideas which have failed to merit attention elsewhere. More evidence that we will all be his underlings some day. According to Fomenko, Jesus Christ Himself lived during this period, and it was His death that sparked the Crusades. inquiry in an established field of study which departs significantly from mainstream theories in that field and is considered to be questionable by the mainstream. A fringe theory is an idea that departs from the mainstream view. "[31], The media also play a role in propagating the belief that certain fields of science are controversial. However, the theory was heavily derided in its infancy by the mainstream scientific community. Examining science on the fringes: vital, but generally wrong A fringe theory is an idea or a viewpoint which differs from the accepted scholarship of the time within its field. Despite the evidence, many people in Mexico have suspected that Heriberto Lazcano is still alive. "Although Halbronn possibly knows more about the texts and associated archives than almost anybody else alive (he helped dig out and research many of them), most other specialists in the field reject this view. The aquatic ape theory states that our ancestors lived a semi-aquatic existence, inhabiting the edges of large bodies of water. For example, the Book of Genesis itself should be primarily covered as a work of ancient literature, as part of the Hebrew or Christian Bible, or for its theological significance, rather than as a cosmological theory. Academic and peer-reviewed publications are usually the most reliable sources in areas where they are available, but material from reliable non-academic sources may also be used in these areas. Advertisement Coins. It can be an unverified hypothesis, historical hoax, or pseudoscientific discovery. According to some revisionist historians, most notably a former Soviet intelligence officer named Vladimir Rezun, Stalins mobilization of millions of men across the countrys European borders was not a defensive one. In addition, the Phoenicians proved that they could complete long voyages by accomplishing what is believed to be the first recorded circumnavigation of Africa, in 600 B.C. The 10 Most Fascinating (And Terrifying) Fringe Sciences By All That's Interesting | Edited By Savannah Cox Published July 25, 2014 Updated April 5, 2018 Relativity Einstein is responsible for this one. 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Articles about hypotheses that have a substantial following but which critics describe as pseudoscience, may note those critics' views; however, such hypotheses should not be described as unambiguously pseudoscientific if a reasonable amount of academic debate still exists. As with the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting, 2012 Aurora murders, and the Boston Marathon bombing, details of the event have been confused by false or inaccurate media reports and rumors, which have unfortunately been vastly blown out of proportion with the speedy help of social media. For one, His crucifixion was too brief (around six hours) to ensure certain death. Fringe sources can be used to support text that describes fringe theories provided that such sources have been noticed and given proper context with third-party, independent sources. It has been estimated that the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster released approximately one-tenth of the radiation of the Chernobyl accident. Little is known about the true origin of the Toledot, but many feel it was circulated orally before being put into various literary forms. To determine whether something is pseudoscientific or merely an alternative theoretical formulation, consider this: Alternative theoretical formulations generally tweak things on the frontiers of science, or deal with strong, puzzling evidencewhich is difficult to explain awayin an effort to create a model that better explains reality. The Donora smog is one of the most deadly air pollution disasters in US history. The theory is known as the most royal candidate hypothesis. [2]:161. One example is Mosess Exodus, which later became Muhammads flight from Mecca. [1] Fringe science theories are often advanced by persons who have no traditional academic science background, or by researchers outside the mainstream discipline. Carlson's show gave many Fox News viewers what they wanted, she said, including false claims about the 2020 election, COVID vaccines and the Jan. 6 Capitol insurrection, as well as smears against. Take Princeton economist Paul Krugman who ominously warns that: Unlike the crazy conspiracy theories of the leftwhich do exist, but are supported only by a tiny fringethe crazy conspiracy . According to this theory, the British arent the only ones descended from the Lost Tribes of Israelthe Japanese are as well. A concept that was once accepted by the mainstream scientific community may become fringe science because of a later evaluation of previous research. It presumes that individual behavior represents conscious reasoned choice, and is shaped by cognitive thinking . Instead, lets discuss the controversial view that this notorious French serial killer was himself the unfortunate victim of a vast conspiracy to steal his wealth. Theory of Planned Behavior. 1. However, there are at least two caveats: not every identified subject matter has its own academic specialization, and the opinion of a scholar whose expertise is in a different field should not be given undue weight. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Fringe: Season 1 [Blu-ray] at the best online prices at eBay! In a narrower sense, the term fringe theory is commonly used as a pejorative; it is roughly synonymous with the term pseudo . fringe science. Likewise, views of adherents should not be excluded from an article on creation science solely on the basis that their work lacks peer review. - Specifically theories that didn't start out as a scientific/STEM discovery. Links to non-fringe articles in fringe articles can also help aid the reader in understanding and remove the threat of creating a walled garden. 30 Interesting Scientific Theories - Ungroovygords In the 1870s, a small number of organizations were established in Great Britain and America to support the theory. As a result, founders and believers of fringe theories often end up as objects of ridicule.